ArticleCurrent diabetes reviews2023
Cognitive Performance and Diabetic Retinopathy: What Your Eyes Can Reveal About Your Brain.
Article in Current diabetes reviews, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 2 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cognitive Impairment in People with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Associations with Inflammatory and Vascular Markers.Annals of neurosciences · 2026Article
- A preliminary study of subcortical gray matter nucleus volumetric and morphological changes in diabetic retinopathy.Quantitative imaging in medicine and surgery · 2025Article
- Cross-sectional study on the association between retinal microcirculation changes based on optical coherence tomography angiography and mild cognitive impairment in patients with type 2 diabetes.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
- Diabetic rats with high levels of endogenous dopamine do not show retinal vascular pathology.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundDiabetic retinopathy (DR) is a chronic diabetes complication. People with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) have two times the risk for dementia, suggesting it is a new chronic diabetes complication.
objectiveEvaluate the association of DR with cognitive performance in a T2DM population.
methodsCross-sectional study with 400 T2DM adults from whom socio-demographic, clinical, laboratory data were collected, and screening test for depression symptoms (Patient Health Questionaire- 9 (PHQ-9)), Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Semantic Verbal Fluency Test, Trail Making Test A and B, Word Memory test were performed. All cognitive test scores were converted into Global Cognition z-Score (GCS(z)). The association between GCS(z) < 0 with DR was performed using a multivariate binary logistic regression model adjusted for age ≥ 65 years, school years ≤ 6 years, DM duration ≥ 10 years, depression symptoms score > 9 at PHQ-9, arterial hypertension, physical activity, diabetic retinopathy, macular edema, and cardiovascular disease.
resultsAfter exclusions, the 251 eligible patients were 56.6% female, with a mean age of 61.1 (±9.8) years, DM duration of 12.6 (±8.9) years, and 7.6 (±4.2) years of school education. DR prevalence was 46.5%. Multivariate Logistic Regression Model showed an association between DR and GCS(z) < 0, with odds ratio (CI95%) of 2.50 (1.18-5.34), adjusted for age, low education level, arterial hypertension and depression symptoms (OD and CI95% respectively: 5.46(2.42-12.34); 12.19 (5.62-26.46); 2.55 (0.88-7.39); 3.53 (1.55-8.07)).
conclusionIn this T2DM population, having DR increased the chance for worse cognitive performance even when adjusted for age, low education level, presence of arterial hypertension, and depression symptoms.
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