Trial reportCardiovascular diabetology2022
Evolocumab on top of empagliflozin improves endothelial function of individuals with diabetes: randomized active-controlled trial.
Trial report in Cardiovascular diabetology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 20 citations in OpenAlex.
- PCSK-9-inhibitor therapy improves endothelial function in high-risk patients with cardiovascular disease.Clinical research in cardiology : official journal of the German Cardiac Society · 2026Trial
- Lack of impact of ipragliflozin on endothelial function in patients with type 2 diabetes: sub-analysis of the PROTECT study.Cardiovascular diabetology · 2023Trial
- Inflammation and Dysregulated Bone Turnover Confound Serum ICAM-1 as a Cardiovascular Marker in Hemodialysis.Biomolecules · 2026Article
- Endothelial Metabolic Reprogramming Links Diabetes to Atherosclerosis.Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy · 2026Review
- Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin/Kexin Type 9 (PCSK9): The Multifaceted Biology, Diseases, and Pharmaceutical Interventions.MedComm · 2025Review
- Increase of PCSK9 expression in diabetes promotes VEGFR2 ubiquitination to inhibit endothelial function and skin wound healing.Science China. Life sciences · 2024Article
- A Comprehensive Review of Clinical Studies Applying Flow-Mediated Dilation.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- The effect of empagliflozin on circulating endothelial progenitor cells in patients with diabetes and stable coronary artery disease.Cardiovascular diabetology · 2024Article
- The role of PCSK9 in heart failure and other cardiovascular diseases-mechanisms of action beyond its effect on LDL cholesterol.Heart failure reviews · 2024Review
- Effect of Empagliflozin with or without the Addition of Evolocumab on HDL Subspecies in Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Post Hoc Analysis of the EXCEED-BHS3 Trial.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- The translational potential of miR-26 in atherosclerosis and development of agents for its target genes ACC1/2, COL1A1, CPT1A, FBP1, DGAT2, and SMAD7.Cardiovascular diabetology · 2024Review
- The Anti-Thrombotic Effects of PCSK9 Inhibitors.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- The effect of sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors on markers of subclinical atherosclerosis.Annals of medicine · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
21 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundSodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) improve endothelial dysfunction and reduce cardiovascular events in individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin 9 (PCSK9i) inhibitors reduce cardiovascular events in high-risk patients. Whether the addition of PCSK9i to SGLT2i treatment adds benefits is not known.
objectivesTo assess the PCSK9-i effect on the endothelial function of T2D individuals under treatment with SGLT2-i.
methodsIndividuals with T2D were randomized in a 1:1 ratio to a 16-week treatment with either empagliflozin (E) or empagliflozin plus evolocumab (EE). The primary endpoint was post-treatment change from baseline in flow-mediated dilation (FMD) at 1-min. Secondary outcomes included changes in plasma levels of nitric oxide metabolites and isoprostane.
resultsA total of 110 patients were enrolled, the mean age was 58 years, and 71% were men. The median post-treatment change in FMD at 1-min was 2.7% (interquartile range [IQR]: 0.9%) and 0.4% (IQR: 0.9%) in the EE and E groups, respectively (p < 0.001). There was a greater increase in plasma levels of nitrate [5.9 (16.5) vs. 2.6 (11.8); p = 0.001] and nitrite [0.14 (0.72) vs. 0.02 (0.74); p = 0.025] in the EE group than in the E group, respectively. Isoprostane reduction was more pronounced in the EE group when compared to the E group [-1.7 (5.9) vs. -1.1 (5.3); p < 0.001).
conclusionsIn individuals with T2D, the addition of evolocumab on top of empagliflozin improves endothelial function.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.