ArticleFrontiers in molecular neuroscience2022
Effects of 3-methylmethcathinone on conditioned place preference and anxiety-like behavior: Comparison with methamphetamine.
Article in Frontiers in molecular neuroscience, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 11 citations in OpenAlex.
- Safety and cognitive pharmacodynamics following dose escalations with 3-methylmethcathinone (3-MMC): a first in human, designer drug study.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2025Trial
- Integrative treatment approach to problematic sexualized drug use (Chemsex) of 3-methylmethcathinone: a case report.Journal of medical case reports · 2025Article
- Distinct role of claustrum and anterior cingulate cortex bidirectional circuits in methamphetamine taking and seeking.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Metaphedrone (3-Methylmethcathinone): Pharmacological, Clinical, and Toxicological Profile.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2024Review
- Quantifying conditioned place preference: a review of current analyses and a proposal for a novel approach.Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience · 2023Article
- An orbitofrontal cortex-anterior insular cortex circuit gates compulsive cocaine use.Science advances · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
3-Methylmethcathinone (3-MMC), a drug belonging to synthetic cathinones family, raised public attention due to its harmful health effects and abuse potential. Although it has similar properties to other cathinone derivatives, the behavioral effects of 3-MMC remain largely unknown. In the present research, we evaluated the rewarding effect of 3-MMC using conditioned place preference (CPP) paradigm and its effect on anxiety-like behavior using elevated plus maze (EPM) and compared with methamphetamine (METH). Then, we performed a whole-brain c-Fos mapping to identify the specific brain regions in response to 3-MMC exposure and explored the changes of synaptic transmission in nucleus accumbens (NAc) using patch-clamp recording after chronic 3-MMC and METH exposure. 3-MMC induced CPP at higher doses of 3 or 10 mg/kg in rats and acute exposure of 3 mg/kg 3-MMC to rats produced anxiolytic-like effect, while anxiety-like behavior was increased after 7 days of injection with 3-MMC. Whole-brain immunostaining revealed increased c-Fos expression in anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), NAc and ventral tegmental area (VTA) after chronic 3-MMC injection compared with saline, which was similar to METH. Especially, 3-MMC induced more neural activation of VTA compared with METH. Finally, we found that amplitude of spontaneous inhibitory postsynaptic currents (sIPSCs) in NAc was decreased after chronic 3-MMC injection, while frequency of sIPSCs and spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic currents (sEPSCs) were not affected. Taken together, our results revealed the addictive potential of 3-MMC and its effect on anxiety-like behavior, which warn the risks of 3-MMC abuse and justify the control of synthetic cathinones. And 3-MMC selectively inhibit inhibitory but not excitatory transmission onto neurons in NAc, which may contribute to its effects.
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