ArticleFrontiers in cardiovascular medicine2022
Trimethylamine N-oxide and its precursors in relation to blood pressure: A mendelian randomization study.
Article in Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 25 citations in OpenAlex.
- Hypertension-gut microbiota research trends: a bibliometric and visualization analysis (2000-2025).Frontiers in microbiology · 2025Pooled it
- Impacts of intestinal microbiota metabolite trimethylamine N-oxide on cardiovascular disease: a bibliometric analysis.Frontiers in microbiology · 2024Pooled it
- Gut microbiota-generated trimethylamineAmerican journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism · 2026Trial
- From Fecal Microbial Potential to Circulating Trimethylamine N-oxide and Cardiovascular Events: A Narrative Review.Cureus · 2026Review
- Bifidobacterium pseudolongum TISTR 2737 Supplementation Alleviates High Fructose-Induced Vascular Injury and Inflammation by Modulating eNOS Uncoupling, AGEs/RAGE Pathway, and NADPH Oxidase Expression.Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins · 2026Article
- Associations of trimethylamine N-oxide and its precursors with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, its subtypes and blood pressure in the offspring: findings from the Shanghai Birth Cohort.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2026Article
- Trimethylamine N-oxide is elevated in postmenopausal women relative to age-matched men and premenopausal women among individuals with obesity.Experimental physiology · 2026Article
- Gut Microbiota and Hypertension: Mechanisms, Drug Interactions, and Translational Directions for Individualized Therapy.International journal of general medicine · 2026Review
- Relationship of TMAO levels with vascular function in patients with hypertension.Hypertension research : official journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension · 2025Article
- TMAO and Cardiovascular Disease: Exploring Its Potential as a Biomarker.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2025Review
- Probiotics and Prebiotics in Post-Myocardial Infarction Rehabilitation: Mechanisms, Benefits, and Future Directions.Current nutrition reports · 2025Review
- The Role of Gut Microbiota-Derived Trimethylamine N-Oxide in the Pathogenesis and Treatment of Mild Cognitive Impairment.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Decoding TMAO in the Gut-Organ Axis: From Biomarkers and Cell Death Mechanisms to Therapeutic Horizons.Drug design, development and therapy · 2025Review
- Research progress in the relationship between gut microbiota metabolite trimethylamine N-oxide and ischemic stroke.Zhong nan da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Central South University. Medical sciences · 2024Review
- Role of the intestinal microbiome and its therapeutic intervention in cardiovascular disorder.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Trimethylamine N-Oxide Concentration and Blood Pressure in Young Healthy Men and Women: A Replicated Crossover Study.Metabolites · 2023Article
- Gut Microbiota Perturbation in Early Life Could Influence Pediatric Blood Pressure Regulation in a Sex-Dependent Manner in Juvenile Rats.Nutrients · 2023Article
- Gut Microbiota-Derived TMAO: A Causal Factor Promoting Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease?International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Association of the gut microbiota with coronary artery disease and myocardial infarction: A Mendelian randomization study.Frontiers in genetics · 2023Article
- Gut microbiota dependant trimethylamine N-oxide and hypertension.Frontiers in physiology · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Objective: Previous studies have demonstrated that trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) and its precursors, including choline, betaine, and carnitine, are closely associated with blood pressure (BP) changes. Nevertheless, with the limitation of reverse causality and confounder in observational studies, such a relationship remains unclear. We aimed to assess the causal relationship of TMAO and its precursors with BP by the Mendelian Randomization (MR) approach. Method: In this study, two-sample MR was used to reveal the causal effect of TMAO and its precursors on BP. Pooled data of TMAO and its precursors was from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) which includes summary data of human metabolome in 2,076 European participants from Framingham Heart Study. Summary-level data for BP was extracted from the International Consortium of Blood Pressure-Genome Wide Association Studies. Inverse variance weighted (IVW), MR Egger regression, Maximum likelihood, Weighted median, and MR pleiotropy residual sum and outlier test (MR-PRESSO) were used in this MR analysis. Results: A total of 160 independent SNP loci were associated with TMAO and three precursors, including 58 associated with TMAO, 29 associated with choline, 44 associated with betaine, and 29 associated with carnitine, were selected. MR results suggested that a 1 unit increase in TMAO should be associated with a 1SD increase in systolic BP mmHg (beta: 0.039, SE, 0.072, Conclusion: Our study provides evidence of a causal relationship of TMAO and its precursors with BP, suggesting that mediating the generation of TMAO would be beneficial for lowering BP.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.