Evidence mapPaperPMID 35945232Full record

ArticleScientific reports2022

Digit ratio (2D:4D) and maternal testosterone-to-estradiol ratio measured in early pregnancy.

Gareth Richards, Ezra Aydin, Alex Tsompanidis, Eglė Padaigaitė, Topun Austin, Carrie Allison, Rosemary Holt, Simon Baron-Cohen

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
7citing papers in PubMed
2.1field-weighted citation impact, top 12% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

7 citing papers in PubMed, 24 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. The 2D:4D Digit Ratio and Primary Sjögren's Syndrome: A Window Into Prenatal Hormonal Influences on Exocrine Autoimmunity.American journal of human biology : the official journal of the Human Biology Council · 2026
    Article
  2. Article
  3. Review
  4. Second to Fourth Digit Ratio (2D:4D) in Hypertension Disease.American journal of human biology : the official journal of the Human Biology Council · 2025
    Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.

Gareth Richards *School of Psychology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, 4.32 Dame Margaret Barbour Building, Wallace Street, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK. gareth.richards@ncl.ac.uk.
Ezra Aydin *Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
Alex TsompanidisAutism Research Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
Eglė PadaigaitėWolfson Centre for Young People's Mental Health, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
Topun AustinThe Rosie Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK.
Carrie AllisonAutism Research Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
Rosemary HoltAutism Research Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
Simon Baron-CohenAutism Research Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
University of Cambridge · GBCardiff University · GBNewcastle University · GBNIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre

Funding

Department of HealthMedical Research CouncilWellcome TrustWellcome Trust 214322\Z\18\Z
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The ratio of index to ring finger (2D:4D) has been hypothesised to indicate prenatal androgen exposure, yet evidence for its validity is lacking. We report the first pre-registered study to investigate mothers' early pregnancy sex hormone concentrations in relation to their children's digit ratios measured at 18-22-month follow-up. Although the testosterone (T) to estradiol (E) ratio correlated negatively with right hand digit ratio (R2D:4D) and directional asymmetry (right-minus-left) in digit ratio (D

Indexed as

Digit RatiosTestosteroneAndrogensChildEstradiolFemaleFingersGonadal Steroid HormonesHumansPregnancyAndrogensEstradiolGonadal Steroid HormonesTestosterone

Identifiers

PMID35945232
PMCPMC9363442
OpenAlexW4291019908

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.