Evidence map›Paper›PMID 35965135›Full record

ReviewMolecular aspects of medicine2023

Human sialoglycan ligands for immune inhibitory Siglecs.

Anabel Gonzalez-Gil, T August Li, Jean Kim, Ronald L Schnaar

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Molecular aspects of medicine, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
15citing papers in PubMed
2.3field-weighted citation impact, top 11% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

15 citing papers in PubMed, 31 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Review
  2. JACS Au · 2026
    Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Review
  6. Review
  7. The Role of Glycans in Human Immunity-A Sweet Code.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025
    Review
  8. Article
  9. Review
  10. Review
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Review
  14. Review
  15. Gangliosides as Siglec ligands.Glycoconjugate journal · 2023
    Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Anabel Gonzalez-GilDepartment of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA. Electronic address: alvarenga@jhmi.edu.
T August LiDepartment of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA. Electronic address: giraffeting@gmail.com.
Jean KimDepartment Medicine, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA; Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA. Electronic address: jeankim@jhmi.edu.
Ronald L SchnaarDepartment of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA. Electronic address: schnaar@jhu.edu.
Johns Hopkins University · US

Funding

Using siglecs and their ligands to treat allergic diseases SALTADU19AI136443 · NIAID · NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY AT CHICAGO · PI SCHNAAR, RONALD L · 2018 to 2022
$7.6M
Immersive Training in GlycosciencesK12HL141952 · NHLBI · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI HASCALL, VINCENT CHARLES, SCHNAAR, RONALD L · 2018 to 2022
$4.8M
Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences Training Program: Enhancing Inclusivity Through Universal Design for Learning in Graduate CoursesT32GM135083 · NIGMS · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI Caren L. Freel Meyers · 2020 to 2026
$3.3M
Regulation of microglia in Alzheimer's Disease by Siglecs and Siglec ligandsR56AG068089 · NIA · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI LI, TONG, SCHNAAR, RONALD L · 2020 to 2020
$786k
NHLBI NIH HHS K12 HL141952NIAID NIH HHS U19 AI136443NIA NIH HHS R56 AG068089NIGMS NIH HHS T32 GM135083
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Most human Siglecs (sialic acid binding immunoglobulin-like lectins) are expressed on the surfaces of overlapping subsets of immune cells, and most carry immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory domains on their intracellular motifs. When immune inhibitory Siglecs bind to complementary sialoglycans in their local milieu, engagement results in down-regulation of the immune response. Siglecs have come under scrutiny as potential targets of drugs to modify the course of inflammation (and other immune system responses) and as immune checkpoints in cancer. Human Siglecs bind to endogenous human sialoglycans. The identities of these endogenous human sialoglycan immune regulators are beginning to emerge, along with some general principles that may inform future investigations in this area. Among these principles is the finding that a cell type or tissue may express a ligand for a particular Siglec on a single or a very few of its sialoglycoproteins. The selected protein carrier for a particular Siglec may be unique in a certain tissue, but vary tissue-to-tissue. The binding affinity of endogenous Siglec ligands may surpass that of its binding to synthetic sialoglycan determinants by several orders of magnitude. Since most human Siglecs have evolved rapidly and are distinct from those in most other mammals, this review describes endogenous human Siglec ligands for several human immune inhibitory Siglecs. As the identities of these immune regulatory sialoglycan ligands are defined, additional opportunities to target Siglecs therapeutically may emerge.

Indexed as

Antigens, CDSialic Acid Binding Immunoglobulin-like LectinsHumansImmunityInflammationLigandsAntigens, CDLigandsSialic Acid Binding Immunoglobulin-like LectinsCancerGlycoproteinimmune CheckpointInflammationLectinSialic acid

Identifiers

PMID35965135
PMCPMC12869367
OpenAlexW4291002775

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.