Evidence mapPaperPMID 35968698Full record

ArticleHypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979)2022

High HDL (High-Density Lipoprotein) Cholesterol Increases Cardiovascular Risk in Hypertensive Patients.

Valentina Trimarco, Raffaele Izzo, Carmine Morisco, Pasquale Mone, Maria Virginia Manzi, Angela Falco, Daniela Pacella, Paola Gallo, Maria Lembo, Gaetano Santulli and 1 more

Open access · bronzeAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979), 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 75 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
75citing papers in PubMed, 3 pooled it
15.8field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

75 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 123 citations in OpenAlex.

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  13. Revisiting elevated HDL cholesterol, cerebral hemodynamic improvement in asymptomatic carotid artery disease: A longitudinalNeurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics · 2026
    Observational
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15 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.

Valentina TrimarcoDepartment of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry (V.T., A.F.), "Federico II" University, Naples, Italy.
Raffaele IzzoDepartment of Advanced Biomedical Sciences (R.I., C.M., M.V.M., P.G., M.L., G.S., B.T.), "Federico II" University, Naples, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-0308-2836
Carmine MoriscoDepartment of Advanced Biomedical Sciences (R.I., C.M., M.V.M., P.G., M.L., G.S., B.T.), "Federico II" University, Naples, Italy.
Pasquale MoneDivision of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute (P.M., G.S.).
Maria Virginia ManziDepartment of Advanced Biomedical Sciences (R.I., C.M., M.V.M., P.G., M.L., G.S., B.T.), "Federico II" University, Naples, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-1979-7131
Angela FalcoDepartment of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry (V.T., A.F.), "Federico II" University, Naples, Italy.
Daniela PacellaDepartment of Public Health (D.P.), "Federico II" University, Naples, Italy.
Paola GalloDepartment of Advanced Biomedical Sciences (R.I., C.M., M.V.M., P.G., M.L., G.S., B.T.), "Federico II" University, Naples, Italy.
Maria LemboDepartment of Advanced Biomedical Sciences (R.I., C.M., M.V.M., P.G., M.L., G.S., B.T.), "Federico II" University, Naples, Italy.
Gaetano SantulliDepartment of Advanced Biomedical Sciences (R.I., C.M., M.V.M., P.G., M.L., G.S., B.T.), "Federico II" University, Naples, Italy.ORCID 0000-0001-7231-375X
Bruno TrimarcoDepartment of Advanced Biomedical Sciences (R.I., C.M., M.V.M., P.G., M.L., G.S., B.T.), "Federico II" University, Naples, Italy.
Federico II University Hospital · ITAlbert Einstein College of Medicine · USHodges University · US

Funding

NYR-Diabetes Research Center (NYR-DRC)P30DK020541 · ALBERT EINSTEIN COLLEGE OF MEDICINE · 2025 to 2025
$2.4M
REGULATION OF THE INSULIN RECEPTOR KINASER01DK033823 · UNIVERSITY OF IOWA · 1986 to 2004
$1.7M
Mechanisms of cardiovascular diseaseT32HL144456 · NHLBI · ALBERT EINSTEIN COLLEGE OF MEDICINE · 2022 to 2025
$934k
Beta Cell Intracellular Calcium and DiabetesR01DK123259 · NIDDK · ALBERT EINSTEIN COLLEGE OF MEDICINE · PI Gaetano Santulli · 2022 to 2023
$840k
Caspase-9 as a nodal point connecting necrotic and apoptotic cell death in myocardial infarctionR01HL164772 · ALBERT EINSTEIN COLLEGE OF MEDICINE · 2025 to 2025
$622k
NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR002556NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL146691NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL159062NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL164772NHLBI NIH HHS T32 HL144456NIDDK NIH HHS P30 DK020541NIDDK NIH HHS R01 DK033823NIDDK NIH HHS R01 DK123259
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundEmerging evidence suggests that elevated circulating levels of HDL-C (high-density lipoprotein cholesterol) could be linked to an increased mortality risk. However, to the best of our knowledge, the relationship between HDL-C and specific cardiovascular events has never been investigated in patients with hypertension.

methodsTo fill this knowledge gap, we analyzed the relationship between HDL-C levels and cardiovascular events in hypertensive patients within the Campania Salute Network in Southern Italy.

resultsWe studied 11 987 patients with hypertension, who were followed for 25 534 person-years. Our population was divided in 3 groups according to the HDL-C plasma levels: HDL-C<40 mg/dL (low HDL-C); HDL-C between 40 and 80 mg/dL (medium HDL-C); and HDL-C>80 mg/dL (high HDL-C). At the follow-up analysis, adjusting for potential confounders, we observed a total of 245 cardiovascular events with a significantly increased risk of cardiovascular events in the low HDL-C group and in the high HDL-C arm compared with the medium HDL-C group. The spline analysis revealed a nonlinear U-shaped association between HDL-C levels and cardiovascular outcomes. Interestingly, the increased cardiovascular risk associated with high HDL-C was not confirmed in female patients.

conclusionsOur data demonstrate that there is a U-shaped association between HDL-C and the risk of cardiovascular events in male patients with hypertension.

Indexed as

Cardiovascular DiseasesHypertensionCholesterol, HDLFemaleHeart Disease Risk FactorsHumansMaleRisk FactorsCholesterol, HDLcholesteroldyslipidemiasheart disease risk factorshydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase inhibitorshypercholesterolemiapopulationsex characteristics

Identifiers

PMID35968698
PMCPMC9617028
OpenAlexW4294897723

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.