Evidence map›Paper›PMID 35969116›Full record

ReviewJournal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle2022

Step-by-step diagnosis and management of the nocebo/drucebo effect in statin-associated muscle symptoms patients: a position paper from the International Lipid Expert Panel (ILEP).

Peter E Penson, Eric Bruckert, David Marais, Željko Reiner, Matteo Pirro, Amirhossein Sahebkar, Gani Bajraktari, Erkin Mirrakhimov, Manfredi Rizzo, Dimitri P Mikhailidis and 13 more

Open access · goldAbstract readReviewConsensus Statement
In one paragraph

Review in Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 43 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
43citing papers in PubMed, 4 pooled it
15.9field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

43 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 75 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Guideline
  2. Pooled it
  3. Pooled it
  4. Pooled it
  5. Review
  6. Review
  7. Article
  8. Review
  9. Article
  10. Review
  11. Review
  12. Cardiovascular risk management beyond statins: review of new therapies available in Italy.The Egyptian heart journal : (EHJ) : official bulletin of the Egyptian Society of Cardiology · 2025
    Review
  13. Article
  14. Unseen adversary: Navigating the drucebo effect in neurological treatments.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2025
    Article
  15. Article
  16. Review
  17. Bempedoic Acid: A Review in Cardiovascular Risk Reduction in Statin-Intolerant Patients.American journal of cardiovascular drugs : drugs, devices, and other interventions · 2025
    Review
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

23 authors at 20 institutions in 21 countries.

Peter E PensonSchool of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK.
Eric BruckertPitié-Salpetrière Hospital and Sorbonne University, Cardio metabolic Institute, Paris, France.
David MaraisChemical Pathology Division of the Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town Health Science Faculty, Cape Town, South Africa.
Željko ReinerDepartment of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, School of Medicine University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia.
Matteo PirroDepartment of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.
Amirhossein SahebkarBiotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
Gani BajraktariDepartment of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
Erkin MirrakhimovDepartment of Atherosclerosis and Coronary Heart Disease, National Center of Cardiology and Internal Diseases, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan.
Manfredi RizzoDepartment of Health Promotion Sciences Maternal and Infantile Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.
Dimitri P MikhailidisDepartment of Clinical Biochemistry, University College London Medical School, University College London (UCL), London, UK.
Alexandros SachinidisDepartment of Health Promotion Sciences Maternal and Infantile Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.
Dan GaitaUniversitatea de Medicina si Farmacie Victor Babes, Timisoara, Romania.
Gustavs LatkovskisPauls Stradins Clinical University Hospital, Riga, Latvia.
Mohsen MazidiMedical Research Council Population Health Research Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Peter P TothCGH Medical Center, Sterling, IL, USA.
Daniel Pella2nd Department of Cardiology of the East Slovak Institute of Cardiovascular Disease and Faculty of Medicine, PJ Safarik University, Kosice, Slovak Republic.
Fahad AlnouriCardiovascular Prevention Unit, Adult Cardiology Department, Prince Sultan Cardiac Centre Riyadh, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Arman PostadzhiyanDepartment of General Medicine, Emergency University Hospital 'St. Anna', Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria.
Hung-I YehDepartment of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan.
G B John ManciniDepartment of General Medicine, Emergency University Hospital 'St. Anna', Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria.
Stephan von HaehlingDepartment of Cardiology and Pneumology, Heart Center, University of Göttingen Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany.
Maciej BanachPolish Moother's Memorial Hospital Research Institute (PMMHRI), Lodz, Poland.ORCID 0000-0001-6690-6874
International Lipid Expert Panel (ILEP)
Medical University of Sofia · BGAristotle University of Thessaloniki · GRGerman Centre for Cardiovascular Research · DEJohns Hopkins University · USKyrgyz State Medical Academy · KGLiverpool John Moores University · GBMackay Medical University · TWMashhad University of Medical Sciences · IRMedical University of Lodz · PLNational Center of Cardiology and Internal Medicine · KGPauls Stradiņš Clinical University Hospital · LVPrince Sultan University · SASorbonne Université · FRUniversity College Hospital · GBUniversity Hospital Centre Zagreb · HRUniversity of Cape Town · ZAUniversity of Oxford · GBUniversity of Pavol Jozef Šafárik · SKUniversity of Perugia · ITUniversity of South Carolina · US

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Statin intolerance is a clinical syndrome whereby adverse effects (AEs) associated with statin therapy [most commonly statin-associated muscle symptoms (SAMS)] result in the discontinuation of therapy and consequently increase the risk of adverse cardiovascular outcomes. However, complete statin intolerance occurs in only a small minority of treated patients (estimated prevalence of only 3-5%). Many perceived AEs are misattributed (e.g. physical musculoskeletal injury and inflammatory myopathies), and subjective symptoms occur as a result of the fact that patients expect them to do so when taking medicines (the nocebo/drucebo effect)-what might be truth even for over 50% of all patients with muscle weakness/pain. Clear guidance is necessary to enable the optimal management of plasma in real-world clinical practice in patients who experience subjective AEs. In this Position Paper of the International Lipid Expert Panel (ILEP), we present a step-by-step patient-centred approach to the identification and management of SAMS with a particular focus on strategies to prevent and manage the nocebo/drucebo effect and to improve long-term compliance with lipid-lowering therapy.

Indexed as

Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase InhibitorsMuscular DiseasesHumansLipidsMusclesNocebo EffectHydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase InhibitorsLipidsDrucebo effectNocebo effectSAMSStatin intolerance

Identifiers

PMID35969116
PMCPMC9178378
OpenAlexW4220794223

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.