ArticleJournal of immunology research2022
Upregulation of PD-1 Expression and High sPD-L1 Levels Associated with COVID-19 Severity.
Article in Journal of immunology research, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
What it found
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cytokine and Lymphocyte Profiles in COVID-19 Patients with Cancer: Implications for Disease Severity and Clinical Outcomes.Viruses · 2026Article
- Key factors of the deranged antiviral response in elderly patients with COVID-19: a machine-learning analysis.GeroScience · 2026Article
- Human Influenza Virus Infection: A Focus on Key Host Determinants Linked to Clinical Disease Severity.Viruses · 2026Review
- Pulmonary Vascular Endothelial Cells in Lung Diseases: Mechanisms, Therapeutic Strategies, and Future Directions.Cell proliferation · 2026Review
- Potential predictors of COVID-19 disease infection and severity in Egypt.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Exploratory characterization of dynamic soluble programmed death-ligand 1 trajectories and their association with mortality in critical coronavirus disease 2019.Journal of intensive care · 2026Article
- Influence of Sex and 1,25α Dihydroxyvitamin DPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Lymphocyte Inhibition Mechanisms and Immune Checkpoints in COVID-19: Insights into Prognostic Markers and Disease Severity.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2025Observational
- PD-L1: From cancer immunotherapy to therapeutic implications in multiple disorders.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2024Review
- Precision Detection of Fungal Co-Infections for Enhanced COVID-19 Treatment Strategies Using FESEM Imaging.Indian journal of microbiology · 2024Article
- Monitoring of Immune Memory by Phenotypical Lymphocyte Subsets Identikit: An Observational Study in a Blood Donors' Cohort.Journal of personalized medicine · 2024Article
- Can there be calm during a cytokine storm? Immune checkpoint pathways affecting the severity of COVID-19 disease.Frontiers in microbiology · 2024Article
- COVID-19 associated mold infections: Review of COVID-19 associated pulmonary aspergillosis and mucormycosis.Journal of microbiology, immunology, and infection = Wei mian yu gan ran za zhi · 2023Review
- The role of PD-1 signaling in health and immune-related diseases.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Immune responses in mildly versus critically ill COVID-19 patients.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- T4 apoptosis in the acute phase of SARS-CoV-2 infection predicts long COVID.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Role of Serum Amyloid A as a Biomarker for Predicting the Severity and Prognosis of COVID-19.Journal of immunology research · 2022Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
COVID-19 has several mechanisms that can lead to lymphocyte depletion/exhaustion. The checkpoint inhibitor molecule programmed death protein 1 (PD-1) and its programmed death-ligand 1 (PDL-1) play an important role in inhibiting cellular activity as well as the depletion of these cells. In this study, we evaluated PD-1 expression in TCD4+, TCD8+, and CD19+ lymphocytes from SARS-CoV-2-infected patients. A decreased frequency of total lymphocytes and an increased PD-1 expression in TCD4+ and CD19+ lymphocytes were verified in severe/critical COVID-19 patients. In addition, we found a decreased frequency of total monocytes with an increased PD-1 expression on CD14+ monocytes in severe/critical patients in association with the time of infection. Moreover, we observed an increase in sPD-L1 circulant levels associated with the severity of the disease. Overall, these data indicate an important role of the PD-1/PDL-1 axis in COVID-19 and may provide a severity-associated biomarker and therapeutic target during SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.