Trial reportAnnals of the rheumatic diseases2023
Association of baseline soluble immune checkpoints with the risk of relapse in PR3-ANCA vasculitis following induction of remission.
Trial report in Annals of the rheumatic diseases, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 22 citations in OpenAlex.
- Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis: biological insights and biomarker-guided disease management.Nature reviews. Nephrology · 2026Review
- Proceedings of the 2Mediterranean journal of rheumatology · 2026Article
- Immune checkpoint imbalance in ANCA-associated vasculitis: insights into disease activity and precision immunotherapy.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Review
- Challenges in the diagnosis, classification and prognosis of ANCA-associated vasculitis.Nature reviews. Rheumatology · 2025Review
- Advances in the treatment of ANCA-associated vasculitis.Nature reviews. Rheumatology · 2025Review
- Fibroblast-like synoviocytes mediate the generation of soluble PD-1 in an MMP-9-dependent manner: a novel target therapy for rheumatoid arthritis.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Soluble checkpoint molecules as predictive biomarker for disease activity and long-term outcome in SLE.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis: insights into relapse risk and future management directions.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Immune checkpoint molecules performance in ANCA vasculitis.RMD open · 2024Article
- Kynurenine Pathway after Kidney Transplantation: Friend or Foe?International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Granulomatosis with polyangiitis: clinical characteristics and updates in diagnosis.Frontiers in medicine · 2024Review
- Risk factors for serious infections in ANCA-associated vasculitis.Annals of the rheumatic diseases · 2023Article
- Association between Loss of Immune Checkpoint Programmed Cell Death Protein 1 and Active ANCA-Associated Renal Vasculitis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Targeting immune checkpoints in anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies associated vasculitis: the potential therapeutic targets in the future.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- ANCA-Associated Glomerulonephritis: Diagnosis and Therapy Proceedings of the Henry Shavelle Lectureship.Glomerular diseasesArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
20 authors at 12 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesWe investigated whether soluble immune checkpoints (sICPs) predict treatment resistance, relapse and infections in patients with antineutrophil cytoplasm antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV).
methodsPlasma sICP concentrations from available samples obtained during conduct of the RAVE trial were measured by immunoabsorbent assays from patients with either proteinase 3 (PR3) or myeloperoxidase (MPO)-ANCA vasculitis and were correlated with clinical outcomes, a set of biomarkers and available flow cytometry analyses focusing on T cell subsets. Log-rank test was used to evaluate survival benefits, and optimal cut-off values of the marker molecules were calculated using Yeldons J.
resultsAnalysis of 189 plasma samples at baseline revealed higher concentrations of sTim-3, sCD27, sLag-3, sPD-1 and sPD-L2 in patients with MPO-ANCA vasculitis (n=62) as compared with PR3-ANCA vasculitis (n=127). Among patients receiving rituximab induction therapy (n=95), the combination of lower soluble (s)Lag-3 (<90 pg/mL) and higher sCD27 (>3000 pg/mL) predicted therapy failure. Twenty-four out of 73 patients (32.9%) in the rituximab arm reaching remission at 6 months relapsed during follow-up. In this subgroup, high baseline values of sTim-3 (>1200 pg/mL), sCD27 (>1250 pg/mL) and sBTLA (>1000 pg/mL) were associated with both sustained remission and infectious complications. These findings could not be replicated in 94 patients randomised to receive cyclophosphamide/azathioprine.
conclusionsPatients with AAV treated with rituximab achieved remission less frequently when concentrations of sLag-3 were low and concentrations of sCD27 were high. Higher concentrations of sTim-3, sCD27 and sBTLA at baseline predicted relapse in patients treated with rituximab. These results require confirmation but may contribute to a personalised treatment approach of AAV.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.