ArticleBMC cancer2022
The expression of Hexokinase 2 and its hub genes are correlated with the prognosis in glioma.
Article in BMC cancer, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
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17 citing papers in PubMed, 24 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Targeting Skp2 by Tanshinone IIA overcomes chemoresistance in colorectal cancer.Cell biology and toxicology · 2025Article
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- Integrative Multiomics Analysis Identifies HK2 as a Key Regulator of Metabolic Reprogramming in Hepatic Stellate Cells.Human mutation · 2025Article
- The regulatory roles and clinical significance of glycolysis in tumor.Cancer communications (London, England) · 2024Review
- Targeting glycolysis: exploring a new frontier in glioblastoma therapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- The Promoting Role of HK II in Tumor Development and the Research Progress of Its Inhibitors.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Disclosing transcriptomics network-based signatures of glioma heterogeneity using sparse methods.BioData mining · 2023Article
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- Metabolic Profiles Point Out Metabolic Pathways Pivotal in Two Glioblastoma (GBM) Cell Lines, U251 and U-87MG.Biomedicines · 2023Article
- ErbB2-upregulated HK1 and HK2 promote breast cancer cell proliferation, migration and invasion.Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) · 2023Article
- LCLAT1 regulates cardiolipin composition, mitochondrial phenotype, Lin28A, and oncogenic signaling networks in ETMR.Neuro-oncology advancesArticle
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7 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
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Abstract
backgroundHexokinase 2 (HK2) is an enzyme that catalyses the conversion of glucose to glucose-6-phosphate, which has been found to be associated with malignant tumour growth. However, the potential immunological and clinical significance of HK2, especially in terms of prognostic prediction for patients with glioma, has not been fully elucidated.
methodsTo investigate the expression, immunological and clinical significance of HK2 in patients with glioma, several databases, including ONCOMINE, TIMER2.0, GEPIA, CGGA, UCSC, LinkedOmics, Metascape, STRING, GSCA, and TISIDB, as well as biochemical, cellular, and pathological analyses, were used in this study. In addition, we performed univariate, multivariate Cox regression and nomogram analyses of the hub genes positively and negatively correlated with HK2 to explore the potential regulatory mechanism in the initiation and development of glioma.
resultsOur results demonstrated that HK2 was highly expressed in most malignant cancers. HK2 expression was significantly higher in lower grade glioma (LGG) and glioblastoma (GBM) than in adjacent normal tissue. In addition, HK2 expression was significantly correlated with clinical parameters, histological manifestations, and prognosis in glioma patients. Specifically, the data from The Cancer Genome Atlas downloaded from UCSC Xena database analysis showed that high expression of HK2 was strongly associated with poor prognosis in glioma patients. The LinkedOmics database indicated that HK2-related genes were mainly enriched in immune-related cells. In LGG and GBM tissues, HK2 expression is usually correlated with recognized immune checkpoints and the abundance of multiple immune infiltrates. Similarly, the Metascape database revealed that HK2-related genes were mainly enriched and annotated in immune-related pathways and immune cells. Further investigations also confirmed that the inhibition of HK2 expression remarkably suppressed metastasis and vasculogenic mimicry (VM) formation in glioma cells through regulating the gene expression of inflammatory and immune modulators.
conclusionHK2 expression was closely associated with the malignant properties of glioma through activating multiple immune-related signalling pathways to regulate immune responses and the infiltration of immune cells. Thus, HK2 and its hub genes may be a potential target for the treatment of glioma.
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