ArticlePediatric research2023
SARS CoV-2 detected in neonatal stool remote from maternal COVID-19 during pregnancy.
Article in Pediatric research, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 18 citations in OpenAlex.
- SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy and necrotizing enterocolitis: case report and review of the literature.Italian journal of pediatrics · 2025Pooled it
- Mechanistic insights into the impact of prenatal viral infections on maternal and offspring immunity.Npj viruses · 2026Review
- Maternal Coronavirus Disease 2019 Test Positivity and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Outcomes for Infants Born Extremely Preterm.The Journal of pediatrics · 2026Article
- Article
- Review of organ damage from COVID and Long COVID: a disease with a spectrum of pathology.Medical review (2021) · 2025Review
- Intestinal dysbiosis during pregnancy and microbiota-associated impairments in offspring.Frontiers in microbiomes · 2025Review
- Review
- Physical development of infants born to patients with COVID-19 during pregnancy: 2 years of age.PeerJ · 2024Observational
- Characterization of T Helper 1 and 2 Cytokine Profiles in Newborns of Mothers with COVID-19.Biomedicines · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundIn utero transmission of SARS coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has not been fully investigated. We investigated whether newborns of mothers with COVID-19 during pregnancy might harbor SARS-CoV-2 in the gastrointestinal tract.
methodsThis cohort study investigated stool from 14 newborns born at 25-41 weeks admitted at delivery to our urban academic hospital whose mothers had COVID-19 during pregnancy. Eleven mothers had COVID-19 resolved more than 10 weeks before delivery. Newborn stool was evaluated for SARS-CoV-2 RNA, Spike protein, and induction of inflammatory cytokines interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) in macrophages.
resultsDespite negative SARS CoV-2 nasal PCRs from all newborns, viral RNAs and Spike protein were detected in the stool of 11 out of 14 newborns as early as the first day of life and increased over time in 6. Stool homogenates from all 14 newborns elicited elevated inflammatory IL-6 and IFN-γ from macrophages. Most newborns were clinically well except for one death from gestational autoimmune liver disease and another who developed necrotizing enterocolitis.
conclusionsThese findings suggest in utero transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and possible persistent intestinal viral reservoirs in the newborns. Further investigation is required to understand the mechanisms and their clinical implications. IMPACT: SARS-CoV-2 RNAs or Spike protein was detected in the stool of 11 out of 14 preterm newborns born to mothers with resolved COVID-19 weeks prior to delivery despite negative newborn nasal PCR swabs. These novel findings suggest risk of in utero SARS-CoV-2 transmission to the fetal intestine during gestation. The presence of SARS-CoV-2 RNAs and Spike protein in the intestines of newborns may potentially impact the development of the gut microbiome and the immune system; the long-term health impact on the preterm infants should be further investigated.
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