ReviewPharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland)2022
Three-Dimensional In Vitro Cell Culture Models for Efficient Drug Discovery: Progress So Far and Future Prospects.
Review in Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland), 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 50 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
50 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 84 citations in OpenAlex.
- The role of AI-assisted drug repurposing in neurological disorders: a systematic review of validation strategies, challenges and opportunities.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Pooled it
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- Application of 3D Cell Culture Techniques in Nanotoxicology: How Far Are We?Stem cell reviews and reports · 2026Review
- Bone Organoids as Advanced Models for Osteoporosis: Development, Application, and Future Prospects.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- From Sample to Mixed Reality: A Translational 3D MALDI Imaging Platform for Advanced 3D Spatial Omics Analysis of 3D Cell Culture Disease Models.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Messenger RNA Nanomedicine: Innovations and Future Directions.Current protein & peptide science · 2026Review
- Physiological fluid shear stress synergistically enhances the protective effects of Salvia miltiorrhiza extract on endothelial cells.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Advancement in Scaffold-Based 3D Cell Culture Models for Osteosarcoma Drug Screening.ACS biomaterials science & engineering · 2025Review
- Inner ear organoids: Recent progress and potential applications.Fundamental research · 2025Review
- Advances in 3D-Printed Drug Delivery and Screening Platforms for Bone Disease Therapy.Pharmaceutics · 2025Review
- Folic Acid as a Molecule Protecting Cells from the Negative Effects of Ultraviolet Radiation-An In Vitro Study.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Bioelectronic Interfaces and Sensors for Neural Organoids.Microsystems & nanoengineering · 2025Review
- High-content confocal analysis of tumorigenesis, cancer stem cells, and drug response in 3D cholangiocarcinoma cultures.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Simulating tumor complexity: 3D pancreatic tumor spheroid model for improved drug screening.Human cell · 2025Article
- Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Based Cancer Immunotherapy: Strategies and Perspectives.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- Ex Vivo Preconditioning as a Useful Tool for Modification of the Extracellular Matrix of Multipotent Mesenchymal Stromal Cells.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Extracellular Matrix Microstructures Modulate Hepatic Methionine Cycle and Methylations.Biomacromolecules · 2025Article
- A method for dissociation of oral cancer cell spheroids generated by magnetic 3D bioprinting.Cytotechnology · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Despite tremendous advancements in technologies and resources, drug discovery still remains a tedious and expensive process. Though most cells are cultured using 2D monolayer cultures, due to lack of specificity, biochemical incompatibility, and cell-to-cell/matrix communications, they often lag behind in the race of modern drug discovery. There exists compelling evidence that 3D cell culture models are quite promising and advantageous in mimicking in vivo conditions. It is anticipated that these 3D cell culture methods will bridge the translation of data from 2D cell culture to animal models. Although 3D technologies have been adopted widely these days, they still have certain challenges associated with them, such as the maintenance of a micro-tissue environment similar to in vivo models and a lack of reproducibility. However, newer 3D cell culture models are able to bypass these issues to a maximum extent. This review summarizes the basic principles of 3D cell culture approaches and emphasizes different 3D techniques such as hydrogels, spheroids, microfluidic devices, organoids, and 3D bioprinting methods. Besides the progress made so far in 3D cell culture systems, the article emphasizes the various challenges associated with these models and their potential role in drug repositioning, including perspectives from the COVID-19 pandemic.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.