Evidence map›Paper›PMID 36016360›Full record

ArticleViruses2022

SARS-CoV-2 in a Mink Farm in Italy: Case Description, Molecular and Serological Diagnosis by Comparing Different Tests.

Ana Moreno, Davide Lelli, Tiziana Trogu, Antonio Lavazza, Ilaria Barbieri, MariaBeatrice Boniotti, Giulia Pezzoni, Cristian Salogni, Stefano Giovannini, Giovanni Alborali and 12 more

Open access · goldAbstract readCase Reports
In one paragraph

Article in Viruses, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
11citing papers in PubMed
0.9field-weighted citation impact, top 25% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

11 citing papers in PubMed, 11 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Spike destabilization attenuates Mink Cluster 5 SARS-CoV-2.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026
    Article
  3. Article
  4. Four Novel SARS-CoV-2 Infected Feral American Mink (Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2025
    Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Review
  8. Article
  9. A comparison of sampling and testing approaches for the surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 in farmed American mink.Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation : official publication of the American Association of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnosticians, Inc · 2023
    Article
  10. Article
  11. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

22 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.

Ana MorenoIstituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna, IZSLER, Via Bianchi, 9, 25124 Brescia, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-8497-9708
Davide LelliIstituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna, IZSLER, Via Bianchi, 9, 25124 Brescia, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-5775-6058
Tiziana TroguIstituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna, IZSLER, Via Bianchi, 9, 25124 Brescia, Italy.
Antonio LavazzaIstituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna, IZSLER, Via Bianchi, 9, 25124 Brescia, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-7646-3592
Ilaria BarbieriIstituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna, IZSLER, Via Bianchi, 9, 25124 Brescia, Italy.
MariaBeatrice BoniottiIstituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna, IZSLER, Via Bianchi, 9, 25124 Brescia, Italy.ORCID 0000-0001-6252-9848
Giulia PezzoniIstituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna, IZSLER, Via Bianchi, 9, 25124 Brescia, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-6718-5658
Cristian SalogniIstituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna, IZSLER, Via Bianchi, 9, 25124 Brescia, Italy.ORCID 0000-0003-1443-7214
Stefano GiovanniniIstituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna, IZSLER, Via Bianchi, 9, 25124 Brescia, Italy.
Giovanni AlboraliIstituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna, IZSLER, Via Bianchi, 9, 25124 Brescia, Italy.
Silvia BelliniIstituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna, IZSLER, Via Bianchi, 9, 25124 Brescia, Italy.
Massimo BoldiniIstituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna, IZSLER, Via Bianchi, 9, 25124 Brescia, Italy.
Marco FarioliDirezione Generale Welfare, Regione Lombardia, Piazza Città di Lombardia 1, 20124 Milano, Italy.
Luigi RuoccoDirezione Generale Sanità Animale e Farmaci Veterinari, Ministero della Salute, Via Giorgio Ribotta, 5-00144 Roma, Italy.
Olivia BessiDirezione Generale Sanità Animale e Farmaci Veterinari, Ministero della Salute, Via Giorgio Ribotta, 5-00144 Roma, Italy.
Andrea Maroni PontiDirezione Generale Sanità Animale e Farmaci Veterinari, Ministero della Salute, Via Giorgio Ribotta, 5-00144 Roma, Italy.
Ilaria Di BartoloDepartment of Food Safety, Nutrition and Veterinary Public Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy.ORCID 0000-0001-5674-1332
Luca De SabatoDepartment of Food Safety, Nutrition and Veterinary Public Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy.
Gabriele VaccariDepartment of Food Safety, Nutrition and Veterinary Public Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy.ORCID 0000-0003-0215-3521
Gabriele BelliDipartimento di Prevenzione Veterinario, ATS Valpadana, Via Belgiardino, 6-26100 Cremona, Italy.
Alberto MarguttiDipartimento di Prevenzione Veterinario, ATS Valpadana, Via Belgiardino, 6-26100 Cremona, Italy.
Maurilio GiorgiDipartimento di Prevenzione Veterinario, ATS Valpadana, Via Belgiardino, 6-26100 Cremona, Italy.
Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna "Bruno Ubertini" · ITIstituto Superiore di Sanità · ITMinistero della Salute · ITRegione Lombardia

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

This study described a SARS-CoV-2 infection in minks on an Italian farm. Surveillance was performed based on clinical examination and a collection of 1879 swabs and 74 sera from dead and live animals. The farm was placed under surveillance for 4.5 months, from the end of July 2020, when a man working on the farm tested positive by RT-PCR, till mid-December 2020 when all the animals were sacrificed. Clinical examination revealed no clinical signs or increased mortality rates attributable to SARS-CoV-2, while diagnostic tests detected only four weak PCR-positive samples, but 100% of sera were positive for SARS-CoV-2 anti-S antibodies. The phylogenetic analysis of two SARS-CoV-2 sequences from two minks and the sequence of the worker showed that they belonged to different clades. It could be therefore assumed that two distinct introductions of the virus occurred on the farm, and that the first introduction probably occurred before the start of the surveillance period. From the data collected, and especially from the detection of specific antibodies through the combination of different tests, it can be postulated that syndromic surveillance combined with genome detection by PCR may not be sufficient to achieve a diagnosis in asymptomatic animals. In particular, the serological approach, especially when using tests directed towards the S protein, may be useful for improving the traceability of virus circulation in similar environments.

Indexed as

COVID-19SARS-CoV-2AnimalsAntibodies, ViralCOVID-19 TestingFarmsHumansMinkPhylogenyAntibodies, ViralItalymink farmphylogenetic analysisSARS-CoV-2 diagnosisserology

Identifiers

PMID36016360
PMCPMC9415545
OpenAlexW4292513087

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.