ReviewNPJ digital medicine2022
The health digital twin to tackle cardiovascular disease-a review of an emerging interdisciplinary field.
Review in NPJ digital medicine, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 127 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
127 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 301 citations in OpenAlex.
- From assistance to autonomy: AI agent systems in cardiovascular medicine-a review of paradigms, architectures, and clinical translation.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Pooled it
- Advancing Health Care With Digital Twins: Meta-Review of Applications and Implementation Challenges.Journal of medical Internet research · 2025Pooled it
- Assessing the benefits of digital twins in neurosurgery: a systematic review.Neurosurgical review · 2024Pooled it
- HUG-VAS: A Hierarchical NURBS-Based Generative Model for Aortic Geometry Synthesis and Controllable Editing.Computer methods in applied mechanics and engineering · 2026Article
- Digital twin for neurological conditions: a systematic scoping review.Biomedical engineering letters · 2026Review
- Bladder Digital Twins for Neuromodulation: Current Platforms and a Roadmap to Closed-Loop Therapy.International neurourology journal · 2026Article
- Toward therapnostic integration as a new paradigm for precision management of interstitial cystitis driven by medical-engineering convergence.Discover nano · 2026Review
- Healthcare Digital Twins Across Scales: A Narrative Review and Five-Level Conceptual Framework.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Artificial Intelligence Techniques in Cardiac Neuromodulation: Mechanisms, Applications, and Pathways to Clinical Translation.Journal of arrhythmia · 2026Review
- Addressing the Challenges in Using Synthetic Data for Health Research: Application to Cardiology.JMIR cardio · 2026Review
- A One Health digital twin framework for leprosy: linking host, pathogen, and population dynamics.Wiener medizinische Wochenschrift (1946) · 2026Article
- Imaging-anchored multiomics in cardiovascular disease: integrating cardiac imaging, bulk, single-cell, and spatial transcriptomics.Briefings in bioinformatics · 2026Review
- Cerebrovascular Imaging-to-Graph Reconstruction for Individualized Digital Twin Brains.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- From Static Risk Estimates to Dynamic Clinical Trajectories: A Conceptual Analysis of Perioperative Medicine.Health care analysis : HCA : journal of health philosophy and policy · 2026Article
- Article
- Interpretable Semi-federated Learning for Multimodal Cardiac Imaging and Risk Stratification: A Privacy-Preserving Framework.Journal of imaging informatics in medicine · 2026Article
- Non-invasive Computational Techniques for Diagnosing Myocardial Ischemia: Challenges and Future of FFRAnnals of biomedical engineering · 2026Review
- Digital twins and digital models of the human circulatory system.Nature reviews bioengineering · 2026Article
- A unified digital twin framework for predicting therapeutic response to central nervous system infections by pathogenic free-living amoebae.Parasitology research · 2026Review
- Cardiovascular digital twins using a Windkessel physics informed neural network.NPJ digital medicine · 2026Article
67 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
15 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Potential benefits of precision medicine in cardiovascular disease (CVD) include more accurate phenotyping of individual patients with the same condition or presentation, using multiple clinical, imaging, molecular and other variables to guide diagnosis and treatment. An approach to realising this potential is the digital twin concept, whereby a virtual representation of a patient is constructed and receives real-time updates of a range of data variables in order to predict disease and optimise treatment selection for the real-life patient. We explored the term digital twin, its defining concepts, the challenges as an emerging field, and potentially important applications in CVD. A mapping review was undertaken using a systematic search of peer-reviewed literature. Industry-based participants and patent applications were identified through web-based sources. Searches of Compendex, EMBASE, Medline, ProQuest and Scopus databases yielded 88 papers related to cardiovascular conditions (28%, n = 25), non-cardiovascular conditions (41%, n = 36), and general aspects of the health digital twin (31%, n = 27). Fifteen companies with a commercial interest in health digital twin or simulation modelling had products focused on CVD. The patent search identified 18 applications from 11 applicants, of which 73% were companies and 27% were universities. Three applicants had cardiac-related inventions. For CVD, digital twin research within industry and academia is recent, interdisciplinary, and established globally. Overall, the applications were numerical simulation models, although precursor models exist for the real-time cyber-physical system characteristic of a true digital twin. Implementation challenges include ethical constraints and clinical barriers to the adoption of decision tools derived from artificial intelligence systems.
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.