Evidence mapPaperPMID 36030229Full record

ArticleCardiovascular diabetology2022

Role of continuous glucose monitoring in diabetic patients at high cardiovascular risk: an expert-based multidisciplinary Delphi consensus.

Carlo Di Mario, Stefano Genovese, Gaetano A Lanza, Edoardo Mannucci, Giancarlo Marenzi, Edoardo Sciatti, Dario Pitocco, Expert Panel Group

Open access · goldAbstract readConsensus Statement
In one paragraph

Article in Cardiovascular diabetology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
11citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
2.5field-weighted citation impact, top 9% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

11 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 19 citations in OpenAlex.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.

Carlo Di MarioCardiology Unit, AOU Careggi and University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
Stefano GenoveseDiabetes, Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Unit, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy. stefano.genovese@cardiologicomonzino.it.
Gaetano A LanzaNoninvasive Diagnostic Cardiology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.
Edoardo MannucciDiabetology Unit, AOU Careggi and University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
Giancarlo MarenziIntensive Cardiac Care Unit, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy.
Edoardo SciattiCardiology Unit 1, ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy.
Dario PitoccoDiabetology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.
Expert Panel Group
Centro Cardiologico Monzino · ITUniversità Cattolica del Sacro Cuore · ITUniversity of Florence · ITOspedale Papa Giovanni XXIII · IT

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundContinuous glucose monitoring (CGM) shows in more detail the glycaemic pattern of diabetic subjects and provides several new parameters ("glucometrics") to assess patients' glycaemia and consensually guide treatment. A better control of glucose levels might result in improvement of clinical outcome and reduce disease complications. This study aimed to gather an expert consensus on the clinical and prognostic use of CGM in diabetic patients at high cardiovascular risk or with heart disease.

methodsA list of 22 statements concerning type of patients who can benefit from CGM, prognostic impact of CGM in diabetic patients with heart disease, CGM use during acute cardiovascular events and educational issues of CGM were developed. Using a two-round Delphi methodology, the survey was distributed online to 42 Italian experts (21 diabetologists and 21 cardiologists) who rated their level of agreement with each statement on a 5-point Likert scale. Consensus was predefined as more than 66% of the panel agreeing/disagreeing with any given statement.

resultsForty experts (95%) answered the survey. Every statement achieved a positive consensus. In particular, the panel expressed the feeling that CGM can be prognostically relevant for every diabetic patient (70%) and that is clinically useful also in the management of those with type 2 diabetes not treated with insulin (87.5%). The assessment of time in range (TIR), glycaemic variability (GV) and hypoglycaemic/hyperglycaemic episodes were considered relevant in the management of diabetic patients with heart disease (92.5% for TIR, 95% for GV, 97.5% for time spent in hypoglycaemia) and can improve the prognosis of those with ischaemic heart disease (100% for hypoglycaemia, 90% for hyperglycaemia) or with heart failure (87.5% for hypoglycaemia, 85% for TIR, 87.5% for GV). The experts retained that CGM can be used and can impact the short- and long-term prognosis during an acute cardiovascular event. Lastly, CGM has a recognized educational role for diabetic subjects.

conclusionsAccording to this Delphi consensus, the clinical and prognostic use of CGM in diabetic patients at high cardiovascular risk is promising and deserves dedicated studies to confirm the experts' feelings.

Indexed as

Cardiovascular DiseasesDiabetes Mellitus, Type 1Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2Heart DiseasesHypoglycemiaBlood GlucoseBlood Glucose Self-MonitoringConsensusDelphi TechniqueHeart Disease Risk FactorsHumansRisk FactorsBlood GlucoseCardiovascular outcomeContinuous glucose monitoringDelphi methodGlucometricsGlycaemic variabilityTime in range

Identifiers

PMID36030229
PMCPMC9420264
OpenAlexW4293341117

What Socratic holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.