Trial reportHealth expectations : an international journal of public participation in health care and health policy2022
Factors associated with patient empowerment in Spanish adults with type 2 diabetes: A cross-sectional analysis.
Trial report in Health expectations : an international journal of public participation in health care and health policy, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 7 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Effect of a Health Education Program on Knowledge, Medication Adherence, and Glycosylated Hemoglobin in Rural Patients with Type 2 Diabetes.Current diabetes reviews · 2026Trial
- Factors associated with patient empowerment in Spanish adults with type 2 diabetes: A cross-sectional analysis.Health expectations : an international journal of public participation in health care and health policy · 2022Trial
- Person-Centred Diabetes Care: Examining Patient Empowerment and Diabetes-Specific Quality of Life in Slovenian Adults with Type 2 Diabetes.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Epidemiological Situation of High-Prevalence Non-Communicable Diseases in Spain: A Systematic Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveThe aim of the present study is to identify factors associated with patient empowerment in people living with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in the Canary Islands (Spain).
methodsSecondary cross-sectional analysis was carried out of data obtained in the INDICA study: A 24-month cluster randomized-controlled trial evaluating the effectiveness of educational interventions supported by new technology decision tools for T2DM patients. Sociodemographic variables, clinical data (years since diagnosis, glycated haemoglobin level, creatine, triglycerides, waist hip index, body mass index and number of comorbidities), diabetes knowledge (DIATEK), affective outcomes (Beck Depression Inventory-II, the State subscale of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory and The Diabetes Distress Scale) and diabetes-related quality of life (The Audit of Diabetes-Dependent Quality of life) were assessed as potential correlates of patient empowerment, assessed using the Diabetes Empowerment Scale-Short Form. Multilevel mixed linear regression models on patient empowerment were developed.
resultsThe analysis included the baseline data of 2334 patients. Results showed that age (B = -0.14; p < .001), diabetes knowledge (B = 0.61; p < .001) and state-anxiety (B = -0.09; p < .001) are significantly associated with patient empowerment. Sex, education level, living alone, employment status, country of birth, time since diagnosis, number of comorbidities, glycated haemoglobin level, depression and distress were not independently associated with patient empowerment in the multivariate analyses.
conclusionYounger age, lower state-anxiety and greater diabetes-specific knowledge are important correlates of patient empowerment. In line with the results of the INDICA study, interventions based on patient-centred care might be effective in improving patient empowerment in adults with T2DM. Understanding the factors associated with empowerment may help clinicians and policymakers to identify high-risk groups, prioritize resources and target evidence-based interventions to better support people with T2DM to be actively involved in their own care. PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION: Patients with T2DM were actively involved in the design of the INDICA study. Two patient associations were included as part of the research team and actively participated in designing the interventions and selecting outcome measures.
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