ArticleAmerican journal of human genetics2022
Genetic structure correlates with ethnolinguistic diversity in eastern and southern Africa.
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Article in American journal of human genetics, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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15citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Human genetic diversity across South Asian populations: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Neuropsychiatry genetics in Africa.Nature communications · 2026Review
- Multiscale neural features of tonal bilingualism: linking regional differences in brain network degree centrality to neurotransmitter-gene signatures in Bai-Mandarin bilinguals.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Largest-Scale Genomic Resource Reconstructing the Genetic Origin, Population Structure, and Biological Adaptations of the Hui People.Molecular biology and evolution · 2025Article
- Evolutionary Influences on Local Patterns of Genetic Relatedness.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Characterizing features affecting local ancestry inference performance in admixed populations.American journal of human genetics · 2025Article
- Socio-medical factors associated with neurodevelopmental disorders on the Kenyan coast.PLOS global public health · 2025Article
- Operationalizing language-based population stratification for widening access to precision genomics in Africa.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Epidemiologic study on prostate cancer in Sudanese men across African ethnic groups.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Approaches to enable equitable psychiatric genetic research in Africa.Communications medicine · 2024Article
- Characterizing features affecting local ancestry inference performance in admixed populations.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Review
- Recent advances in polygenic scores: translation, equitability, methods and FAIR tools.Genome medicine · 2024Review
- Genetic Diversity Landscape in African Population: A Review of Implications for Personalized and Precision Medicine.Pharmacogenomics and personalized medicine · 2024Review
- GWAS in the southern African context.PloS one · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
43 authors.
Elizabeth G AtkinsonAnalytic and Translational Genetics Unit and Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA. Electronic address: elizabeth.atkinson@bcm.edu.
Shareefa DalvieDepartment of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC) Unit on Risk and Resilience in Mental Disorders, Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
Yakov PichkarDepartment of Biological Sciences and Evolutionary Studies Initiative, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
Allan KalungiDepartment of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda; Mental Health Section of MRC/UVRI & LSHTM Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda.
Lerato MajaraDepartment of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC) Human Genetics Research Unit, Division of Human Genetics, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
Anne StevensonStanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa.
Tamrat AbebeDepartment of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Dickens AkenaDepartment of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.
Melkam AlemayehuDepartment of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Fred K AshabaDepartment of Immunology & Molecular Biology, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.
Lukoye AtwoliDepartment of Mental Health, School of Medicine, Moi University College of Health Sciences, Eldoret, Kenya; Brain and Mind Institute and Department of Internal Medicine, Medical College East Africa, the Aga Khan University, Nairobi, Kenya.
Mark BakerStanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
Lori B ChibnikStanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
Nicole CreanzaDepartment of Biological Sciences and Evolutionary Studies Initiative, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
Mark J DalyAnalytic and Translational Genetics Unit and Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
Abebaw FekaduDepartment of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Centre for Innovative Drug Development & Therapeutic Trials for Africa, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Bizu GelayeStanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
Stella GichuruDepartment of Mental Health, School of Medicine, Moi University College of Health Sciences, Eldoret, Kenya.
Wilfred E InjeraDepartment of Immunology, School of Medicine, Moi University College of Health Sciences, Eldoret, Kenya.
Roxanne JamesDepartment of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
Symon M KariukiNeurosciences Unit, Clinical Department, KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme-Coast, Kilifi, Kenya; Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Gabriel KigenDepartment of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Moi University College of Health Sciences, Eldoret, Kenya.
Nastassja KoenDepartment of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC) Unit on Risk and Resilience in Mental Disorders, Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
Karestan C KoenenStanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
Zan KoenigStanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
Edith KwobahDepartment of Mental Health, School of Medicine, Moi University College of Health Sciences, Eldoret, Kenya.
Joseph KyebuzibwaDepartment of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.
Henry MusinguziDepartment of Immunology & Molecular Biology, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.
Rehema M MwemaNeurosciences Unit, Clinical Department, KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme-Coast, Kilifi, Kenya.
Benjamin M NealeAnalytic and Translational Genetics Unit and Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
Carter P NewmanStanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
Charles R J C NewtonNeurosciences Unit, Clinical Department, KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme-Coast, Kilifi, Kenya; Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Linnet OngeriNeurosciences Unit, Clinical Department, KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme-Coast, Kilifi, Kenya.
Sohini RamachandranDepartment of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology and Center for Computational Molecular Biology, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.
Raj RamesarSouth African Medical Research Council (SAMRC) Unit on Risk and Resilience in Mental Disorders, Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
Welelta ShiferawDepartment of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Dan J SteinDepartment of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC) Unit on Risk and Resilience in Mental Disorders, Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
Rocky E StroudStanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
Solomon TeferraDepartment of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Mary T YohannesStanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
Zukiswa ZingelaExecutive Dean's Office, Faculty of Health Sciences, Nelson Mandela University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa.
Alicia R MartinAnalytic and Translational Genetics Unit and Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
NeuroGAP-Psychosis Study Team
Funding
Training Program in Psychiatric Genetics and Translational ResearchT32MH017119 · NIMH · HARVARD UNIVERSITY (SCH OF PUBLIC HLTH) · PI KARESTAN C KOENEN, Jukka-Pekka Onnela · 1985 to 2026
$8.9M2/4 Powering Genetic Discovery for Severe Mental Illness in Latin American and African AncestriesU01MH125045 · NIMH · HARVARD UNIVERSITY D/B/A HARVARD SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH · PI KOENEN, KARESTAN C · 2020 to 2024
$3.1MPsychosis Genetics Research in Africa: Building Capacity by Investing in PeopleR01MH120642 · NIMH · BROAD INSTITUTE, INC. · PI AKENA, DICKENS HOWARD, CHIBNIK, LORI BETH · 2019 to 2023
$3.1MUnderstanding the transgenerational epigenetic effect of maternal psychosocial trauma exposure on infants via lncRNA-sequencingR01HD102974 · NICHD · MCLEAN HOSPITAL · PI KLENGEL, TORSTEN, KOEN , NASTASSJA · 2020 to 2024
$2.9MChild Mental Health in HIV-impacted Low-Resource Settings in Developing Countries: Global Research FellowshipD43TW011541 · FIC · WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI MCKAY, MARY MCKERNAN, NAKASUJJA, NOELINE · 2020 to 2024
$1.7MGeneralizing polygenic risk prediction methods across populations for insights into psychiatric diseaseR00MH117229 · NIMH · MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL · PI MARTIN, ALICIA · 2020 to 2022
$724kA framework enabling the genomic analysis of psychiatric traits across admixed populations.K01MH121659 · NIMH · MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL · PI ATKINSON, ELIZABETH GRACE · 2019 to 2022
$719kFIC NIH HHS D43 TW011541NICHD NIH HHS R01 HD102974NIMH NIH HHS K01 MH121659NIMH NIH HHS R00 MH117229NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH120642NIMH NIH HHS T32 MH017119NIMH NIH HHS U01 MH125045
Abstract
African populations are the most diverse in the world yet are sorely underrepresented in medical genetics research. Here, we examine the structure of African populations using genetic and comprehensive multi-generational ethnolinguistic data from the Neuropsychiatric Genetics of African Populations-Psychosis study (NeuroGAP-Psychosis) consisting of 900 individuals from Ethiopia, Kenya, South Africa, and Uganda. We find that self-reported language classifications meaningfully tag underlying genetic variation that would be missed with consideration of geography alone, highlighting the importance of culture in shaping genetic diversity. Leveraging our uniquely rich multi-generational ethnolinguistic metadata, we track language transmission through the pedigree, observing the disappearance of several languages in our cohort as well as notable shifts in frequency over three generations. We find suggestive evidence for the rate of language transmission in matrilineal groups having been higher than that for patrilineal ones. We highlight both the diversity of variation within Africa as well as how within-Africa variation can be informative for broader variant interpretation; many variants that are rare elsewhere are common in parts of Africa. The work presented here improves the understanding of the spectrum of genetic variation in African populations and highlights the enormous and complex genetic and ethnolinguistic diversity across Africa.
Indexed as
Genetics, PopulationGenetic VariationAfrica, SouthernBlack PeopleGenetic StructuresHumansAfricadiverse populationsgenotypeslinguisticspopulation geneticspopulation structure
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