SynthesisBMC geriatrics2022
Frailty and risks of all-cause and cause-specific death in community-dwelling adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in BMC geriatrics, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 79 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
79 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Association of frailty and mortality risk in community-dwelling older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 59 international prospective cohort studies.BMC public health · 2026Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Association between pre-stroke frailty status and stroke risk and impact on outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 1,660,328 participants.Aging clinical and experimental research · 2024Pooled it
- Gut microbiome and frailty: insight from genetic correlation and mendelian randomization.Gut microbes · 2023Pooled it
- Article
- The frailty mortality link in people with chronic diseases pertaining to 13 body organ systems: findings from the UK Biobank study.GeroScience · 2026Article
- Frailty before disease onset: risk of mortality and chronic conditions in disease-free middle-aged adults.GeroScience · 2026Article
- High frailty index scores predict mortality and changes in blood-based biomarkers in aging female mice.The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences · 2026Article
- Deficit accumulation frailty and risk of incident chronic kidney disease: a prospective analysis of the UK biobank and CHARLS cohorts.International urology and nephrology · 2026Article
- Medicare costs and home time loss among fee-for-service beneficiaries by frailty and dementia status.The Journal of frailty & aging · 2026Article
- Joint association of the frailty index and phenotypic age with all-cause and cause-specific mortality: A prospective cohort study.Journal of translational internal medicine · 2026Article
- Interaction Frequency, Interaction Satisfaction, and Physical Frailty by Living Arrangement among Community-Dwelling Older Adults.Annals of geriatric medicine and research · 2026Article
- Association of gut microbiome with mobility impairment in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos.NPJ biofilms and microbiomes · 2026Article
- Frailty status and mortality among patients with cardiometabolic diseases in an international multi-cohort study.iScience · 2026Article
- Advance care planning uptake in the severely frail.BMC palliative care · 2026Observational
- Increased all-cause mortality following distal radius fractures in Danish adults: a register-based matched cohort study.Acta orthopaedica · 2026Article
- Appropriateness and Outcome of a Statin Deprescription Intervention in Hospitalized Frail Older Adults: A Retrospective Study.Geriatrics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Impact of physical activity and frailty on mortality and utilization among middle-aged and older adults in South Korea.The Journal of frailty & aging · 2026Article
- External validation of the Electronic Screening Index of Frailty (e-SIF) in a population of 1.4 million inhabitants aged 65 years and older.European journal of public health · 2026Observational
- Monocytes are biological sensors of aging and frailty in humans.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
19 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe associations of frailty with all-cause and cause-specific mortality remain unclear. Therefore, we performed this meta-analysis to fill this gap.
methodsWe searched the PubMed and Embase databases through June 2022. Prospective cohort studies or clinical trials examining frailty were evaluated, and the multiple adjusted risk estimates of all-cause and cause-specific mortality, such as death from cardiovascular disease (CVD), cancer, respiratory illness, dementia, infection, and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), were included. A random effects model was used to calculate the summary hazard ratio (HR).
resultsFifty-eight studies were included for the qualitative systematic review, of which fifty-six studies were eligible for the quantitative meta-analysis, and the studies included a total of 1,852,951 individuals and more than 145,276 deaths. Compared with healthy adults, frail adults had a significantly higher risk of mortality from all causes (HR 2.40; 95% CI 2.17-2.65), CVD (HR 2.64; 95% CI 2.20-3.17), respiratory illness (HR 4.91; 95% CI 2.97-8.12), and cancer (HR 1.97; 95% CI 1.50-2.57). Similar results were found for the association between prefrail adults and mortality risk. In addition, based on the studies that have reported the HRs of the mortality risk per 0.1 and per 0.01 increase in the frailty index, we obtained consistent results.
conclusionsThe present study demonstrated that frailty was not only significantly related to an increased risk of all-cause mortality but was also a strong predictor of cause-specific mortality from CVD, cancer, and respiratory illness in community-dwelling adults. More studies are warranted to clarify the relationship between frailty and cause-specific mortality from dementia, infection, and COVID-19.
trial registrationPROSPERO (CRD42021276021).
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.