SynthesisJournal of endocrinological investigation2023
Electrolyte imbalances as poor prognostic markers in COVID-19: a systemic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Journal of endocrinological investigation, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 30 citations in OpenAlex.
- Major electrolyte disorder and associated factors among patients with chronic disease in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC nephrology · 2024Pooled it
- Multiple electrolyte imbalances in hospitalized patients: a multimorbidity perspective from a large, retrospective cohort study.Annals of medicine · 2026Article
- Mortality Trends Involving Cardiac Arrest and Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Disorders in U.S. Adults, 2004-2024.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Dietary Mineral Intake and Vascular Health in Patients with Long COVID-19: The BioICOPER Study.Nutrients · 2026Article
- Admission Electrolyte Abnormalities and Clinical Outcomes in Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Article
- Validation of China's 2025 high-risk criteria in RT-PCR-confirmed chikungunya inpatients: a single-centre retrospective cohort.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Association between electrolyte supplementation and cardiac injury in long COVID-19.Journal of thoracic disease · 2025Article
- Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuresis/hyponatremia in COVID-19.Pituitary · 2024Review
- Presepsin as a prognostic biomarker in COVID-19 patients: combining clinical scoring systems and laboratory inflammatory markers for outcome prediction.Virology journal · 2024Article
- Blood metal analysis of plasmas from donors with and without SARS-CoV-2 using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy and logistic regression.Biomedical optics express · 2024Article
- Predicting Factors of Worse Prognosis in COVID-19: Results from a Cross-sectional Study on 52 Inpatients Admitted to the Internal Medicine Department.Endocrine, metabolic & immune disorders drug targets · 2024Article
- Searching for New Biomarkers to Assess COVID-19 Patients: A Pilot Study.Metabolites · 2023Article
- Article
- The Association between Dysnatraemia during Hospitalisation and Post-COVID-19 Mental Fatigue.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Article
- Hypocalcemia on Admission Is a Predictor of Disease Progression in COVID-19 Patients with Cirrhosis: A Multicenter Study in Hungary.Biomedicines · 2023Article
- Importance of Magnesium Status in COVID-19.Biology · 2023Review
- Epidemiology and Outcomes of Hypernatraemia in Patients with COVID-19-A Territory-Wide Study in Hong Kong.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Article
- The role of serum circulating microbial toxins in severity and cytokine storm of COVID positive patients.Microbial pathogenesis · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeSerum electrolyte imbalances are highly prevalent in COVID-19 patients. However, their associations with COVID-19 outcomes are inconsistent, and of unknown prognostic value. We aim to systematically clarify the associations and prognostic accuracy of electrolyte imbalances (sodium, calcium, potassium, magnesium, chloride and phosphate) in predicting poor COVID-19 clinical outcome.
methodsPubMed, Embase and Cochrane Library were searched. Odds of poor clinical outcome (a composite of mortality, intensive-care unit (ICU) admission, need for respiratory support and acute respiratory distress syndrome) were pooled using mixed-effects models. The associated prognostic sensitivity, positive and negative likelihood ratios (LR + , LR-) and predictive values (PPV, NPV; assuming 25% pre-test probability), and area under the curve (AUC) were computed.
resultsWe included 28 observational studies from 953 records with low to moderate risk-of-bias. Hyponatremia (OR = 2.08, 95% CI = 1.48-2.94, I
conclusionHyponatremia, hypernatremia and hypocalcemia are associated with poor COVID-19 clinical outcome. Hypernatremia is 97% specific for a poor outcome, and the association is independent of inflammatory marker levels. Further studies should evaluate if correcting these imbalances help improve clinical outcome.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.