ArticlePediatric research2023
Early molecular markers of ventilator-associated pneumonia in bronchoalveolar lavage in preterm infants.
Article in Pediatric research, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07240038 (Evaluation of an Evidence Based, Bundled Intervention to Reduce Incidence of Ventilator-associated Pneumonia in Neonatal Units), which is not on this map. Cited by 7 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Evaluation of an Evidence Based, Bundled Intervention to Reduce Incidence of Ventilator-associated Pneumonia in Neonatal Units (INBERNAV-Neo)
Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 8 citations in OpenAlex.
- Biomarkers in lower respiratory tract samples in the diagnosis of ventilator-associated pneumonia: a systematic review.European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society · 2025Pooled it
- Evidence for the Efficacy and Safety of Tigecycline for the Treatment of Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia in Preterm Infants: A Systematic Review.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Mechanisms and clinical research progress of IL-6-mediated crosstalk between the alveolar microenvironment and the immune system in patients with severe pneumonia undergoing mechanical ventilation.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Biomarker-based diagnosis of ventilator-associated pneumonia using serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid levels of presepsin, procalcitonin, and lipopolysaccharide-binding protein.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Article
- Development of rabbit models of ventilator-associated bacterial pneumonia produced by carbapenem-resistantAntimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2024Article
- Lung Microbiota and Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia in the Neonatal Period.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Effects of Sepsis on Immune Response, Microbiome and Oxidative Metabolism in Preterm Infants.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionVentilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) constitutes a serious nosocomial infection. Our aim was to evaluate the reliability of cytokines and oxidative stress/inflammation biomarkers in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and tracheal aspirates (TA) as early biomarkers of VAP in preterm infants.
methodsTwo cohorts were enrolled, one to select candidates and the other for validation. In both, we included preterms with suspected VAP, according to BALF culture, they were classified into confirmed VAP and no VAP. Concentration of 16 cytokines and 8 oxidative stress/inflammation biomarkers in BALF and TA was determined in all patients.
resultsIn the first batch, IL-17A and TNF-α in BALF, and in the second one IL-10, IL-6, and TNF-α in BALF were significantly higher in VAP patients. BALF TNF-α AUC in both cohorts was 0.86 (sensitivity 0.83, specificity 0.88). No cytokine was shown to be predictive of VAP in TA. A statistically significant increase in the VAP group was found for glutathione sulfonamide (GSA) in BALF and TA.
conclusionsTNF-α in BALF and GSA in BALF and TA were associated with VAP in preterm newborns; thus, they could be used as early biomarkers of VAP. Further studies with an increased number of patients are needed to confirm these results. IMPACT: We found that TNF-α BALF and GSA in both BALF and TA are capable of discriminating preterm infants with VAP from those with pulmonary pathology without infection. This is the first study in preterm infants aiming to evaluate the reliability of cytokines and oxidative stress/inflammation biomarkers in BALF and TA as early diagnostic markers of VAP. We have validated these results in two independent cohorts of patients. Previously studies have focused on full-term neonates and toddlers and determined biomarkers mostly in TA, but none was exclusively conducted in preterm infants.
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