ReviewJournal of neuroinflammation2022
COVID-19 and cognitive impairment: neuroinvasive and blood‒brain barrier dysfunction.
Review in Journal of neuroinflammation, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 65 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
65 citing papers in PubMed, 119 citations in OpenAlex.
- Neurodegenerative and Cognitive Consequences of Long COVID.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Magnetoencephalography Reveals Neuroprotection of COVID-19 Vaccination in Nonhuman Primates.Vaccines · 2026Article
- Screening for Neurocognitive Abilities Post-COVID (SNAP-COVID): Scale Development and Validation.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Article
- SARS-CoV-2 infection is associated with hypothalamic orexin suppression and persistent cortical NeuN attenuation.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2026Article
- Sex-Specific Differences in Nutritional Status and Olfaction in Association with Cognitive Impairment Amongst Older Adults with Long COVID Syndrome.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Mild chronic hypoxia and the brain: an ambiguous relationship.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2026Review
- Cognition, Cytokines, Blood-Brain Barrier, and Beyond in COVID-19: A Narrative Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Immune-endothelial-coagulation crosstalk as a driver of multi-organ dysfunction in severe viral pneumonia.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Pathogenic breaches: how viruses compromise blood-tissue barriers.Tissue barriers · 2026Review
- HTRF-based identification of small molecules targeting SARS-CoV-2 E protein interaction with ZO-1 PDZ2.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Ophthalmic complications associated with COVID-19: a large US national database analysis.Eye (London, England) · 2025Article
- Exploring Alice in Wonderland syndrome in adults with persistent headache after COVID-19: a cross-sectional study in Latin America.BMC neurology · 2025Article
- Dual inflammation in schizophrenia infected with COVID-19: Impact on cognitive function.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2025Article
- Increasing incidence of ADHD among children, adolescents and young adults: COVID-19 pandemic-driven trend in Korea (2012-2023).BMJ mental health · 2025Observational
- Multimodal MRI analysis of COVID-19 effects on pediatric brain.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Persistent Symptoms and Associated Risk Factors of COVID-19: A Cross-Sectional Study in Minia, Upper Egypt.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Neurobiology of COVID-19-Associated Psychosis/Schizophrenia: Implication of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Signaling.Neuropsychopharmacology reports · 2025Review
- Cerebromicrovascular mechanisms contributing to long COVID: implications for neurocognitive health.GeroScience · 2025Review
- Microglial NLRP3-gasdermin D activation impairs blood-brain barrier integrity through interleukin-1β-independent neutrophil chemotaxis upon peripheral inflammation in mice.Nature communications · 2025Article
- White matter changes in recovered COVID-19 patients: insights from DTI, DKI, and NODDI metrics.Frontiers in neurology · 2025Article
5 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has led to a global pandemic. Although COVID-19 was initially described as a respiratory disease, there is growing evidence that SARS-CoV-2 is able to invade the brains of COVID-19 patients and cause cognitive impairment. It has been reported that SARS-CoV-2 may have invasive effects on a variety of cranial nerves, including the olfactory, trigeminal, optic, and vagus nerves, and may spread to other brain regions via infected nerve endings, retrograde transport, and transsynaptic transmission. In addition, the blood-brain barrier (BBB), composed of neurovascular units (NVUs) lining the brain microvasculature, acts as a physical barrier between nerve cells and circulating cells of the immune system and is able to regulate the transfer of substances between the blood and brain parenchyma. Therefore, the BBB may be an important structure for the direct and indirect interaction of SARS-CoV-2 with the brain via the blood circulation. In this review, we assessed the potential involvement of neuroinvasion under the SARS-CoV-2 infection, and the potential impact of BBB disorder under SARS-CoV-2 infection on cognitive impairment.
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What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.