ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2022
Glutamate Neurotoxicity and Destruction of the Blood-Brain Barrier: Key Pathways for the Development of Neuropsychiatric Consequences of TBI and Their Potential Treatment Strategies.
Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 37 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
37 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 49 citations in OpenAlex.
- Neuroimaging Insights into the Public Health Burden of Neuropsychiatric Disorders: A Systematic Review of Electroencephalography-Based Cognitive Biomarkers.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2025Pooled it
- The Relationship between Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Due to Brain Injury and Glutamate Intake: A Systematic Review.Nutrients · 2024Pooled it
- Intracerebral Glutamate and Glycerol in Severe Acute Brain Injury: Retrospective Study of Association With Neuroworsening and Outcome.Acta anaesthesiologica Scandinavica · 2026Observational
- Role of the Blood-Brain Barrier in the Pathophysiology of Major Depressive Disorder, Bipolar Disorder, and Schizophrenia: A Comparative Review.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Corpus callosum fractional anisotropy from routine diffusion tensor imaging predicts dementia in older adults beyond clinical risk factors.GeroScience · 2026Article
- Design, synthesis and structural mechanism of action of TRPV1 agonist MSP20 with long-lasting analgesic effect.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Ginsenoside Rh2 Protects Against Glutamate-Induced Neurotoxicity in PC12 Cells via Activation of the VEGF-mediated PI3K/Akt/mTOR Signaling Pathway.Neurochemical research · 2026Article
- Exploring the Role of Alpha Lipoic Acid in the Treatment of Traumatic Brain Injury: Pathways and Perspectives.Neurocritical care · 2026Review
- Evaluating Chronic Sex-Specific Changes in Glutamatergic Signaling Markers Following Traumatic Brain Injury.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Concurrent Toxoplasma gondii infection and neuroinflammation in traumatic brain injury patients in a referral hospital in Douala Cameroon.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- The crosstalk between blood-brain barrier and neural cells: bidirectional regulation of brain function and pathology.Biochemistry and biophysics reports · 2026Review
- The Scent of a Therapy for Spinal Cord Injury: Growth Factors and Their Potential to Modulate Olfactory Ensheathing Cells.Biomolecules · 2026Review
- Reconceptualizing bipolar disorder through an integrative biological lens: synthesis, convergence, and emerging directions.Frontiers in integrative neuroscience · 2026Review
- Advances in cellular and molecular mechanisms of trauma-induced organ inflammation and dysfunction.Burns & trauma · 2026Review
- Metabolomics of cerebrospinal fluid following traumatic brain injury: Exploration of biomarkers for secondary injuries and severity.Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics · 2026Article
- Review
- Blood‑brain barrier dysfunction in epilepsy: Mechanisms, therapeutic strategies and future orientation (Review).International journal of molecular medicine · 2025Review
- BBB proteomic analysis reveals that complex febrile seizures in infancy enhance susceptibility to epilepsy in adulthood through dysregulation of ECM-receptor interaction signaling pathway.Fluids and barriers of the CNS · 2025Article
- The role of isolated diffuse axonal brain injury on post-traumatic depressive- and anxiety-like behavior in rats.Translational psychiatry · 2025Article
- Acute symptomatic seizure prevention with perampanel in moderate and severe traumatic brain injury: a retrospective comparison with levetiracetam.Frontiers in neurology · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is associated with significant cognitive and psychiatric conditions. Neuropsychiatric symptoms can persist for years following brain injury, causing major disruptions in patients' lives. In this review, we examine the role of glutamate as an aftereffect of TBI that contributes to the development of neuropsychiatric conditions. We hypothesize that TBI causes long-term blood-brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction lasting many years and even decades. We propose that dysfunction in the BBB is the central factor that modulates increased glutamate after TBI and ultimately leads to neurodegenerative processes and subsequent manifestation of neuropsychiatric conditions. Here, we have identified factors that determine the upper and lower levels of glutamate concentration in the brain after TBI. Furthermore, we consider treatments of disruptions to BBB integrity, including repairing the BBB and controlling excess glutamate, as potential therapeutic modalities for the treatment of acute and chronic neuropsychiatric conditions and symptoms. By specifically focusing on the BBB, we hypothesize that restoring BBB integrity will alleviate neurotoxicity and related neurological sequelae.
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What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.