Evidence mapPaperPMID 36077213Full record

SynthesisInternational journal of molecular sciences2022

Inflammatory Biomarkers in Exhaled Breath Condensate: A Systematic Review.

Federica Ghelli, Marco Panizzolo, Giacomo Garzaro, Giulia Squillacioti, Valeria Bellisario, Nicoletta Colombi, Enrico Bergamaschi, Irina Guseva Canu, Roberto Bono

Open access · goldAbstract readSystematic Review
In one paragraph

Synthesis in International journal of molecular sciences, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
15citing papers in PubMed
3.5field-weighted citation impact, top 6% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

15 citing papers in PubMed, 35 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Review
  4. Review
  5. Article
  6. Exhaled Breath Analysis: From Laboratory Test to Wearable Sensing.IEEE reviews in biomedical engineering · 2025
    Review
  7. Review
  8. Review
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.

Federica GhelliDepartment of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy.ORCID 0000-0003-2605-3293
Marco PanizzoloDepartment of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy.ORCID 0000-0003-3226-8725
Giacomo GarzaroDepartment of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy.ORCID 0000-0001-8657-8142
Giulia SquillaciotiDepartment of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-0655-7550
Valeria BellisarioDepartment of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy.
Nicoletta ColombiFederated Library of Medicine "F. Rossi", University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy.ORCID 0000-0001-6870-5590
Enrico BergamaschiDepartment of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy.
Irina Guseva CanuCenter for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, 1066 Lausanne, Switzerland.ORCID 0000-0001-7059-8421
Roberto BonoDepartment of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-2471-6594
University of Turin · ITCentre universitaire de médecine générale et santé publique, Lausanne · CH

Funding

European Union LIFE17ENV/GR/000285
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Inflammation is a comprehensive set of physiological processes that an organism undertakes in response to a wide variety of foreign stimuli, such as viruses, bacteria, and inorganic particles. A key role is played by cytokines, protein-based chemical mediators produced by a broad range of cells, including the immune cells recruited in the inflammation site. The aim of this systematic review is to compare baseline values of pro/anti-inflammatory biomarkers measured in Exhaled Breath Condensate (EBC) in healthy, non-smoking adults to provide a summary of the concentrations reported in the literature. We focused on: interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and C reactive protein (CRP). Eligible articles were identified in PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane CENTRAL. Due to the wide differences in methodologies employed in the included articles concerning EBC sampling, storage, and analyses, research protocols were assessed specifically to test their adherence to the ATS/ERS Task Force guidelines on EBC. The development of reference intervals for these biomarkers can result in their introduction and use in both research and clinical settings, not only for monitoring purposes but also, in the perspective of future longitudinal studies, as predictive parameters for the onset and development of chronic diseases with inflammatory aetiology.

Indexed as

Breath TestsCytokinesAdultBiomarkersC-Reactive ProteinExhalationHumansInflammationBiomarkersC-Reactive ProteinCytokinescytokinesexhaled breath condensateinflammationnon-invasivenon-smoking healthy adultsreference values

Identifiers

PMID36077213
PMCPMC9456215
OpenAlexW4293724064

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.