SynthesisInternational journal of molecular sciences2022
Tear Biomarkers in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's Diseases, and Multiple Sclerosis: Implications for Diagnosis (Systematic Review).
Synthesis in International journal of molecular sciences, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 35 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
35 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 55 citations in OpenAlex.
- Tear-fluid-derived biomarkers of ocular complications in diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Canine Tear Proteomics: A New Frontier in Veterinary Ophthalmology.Veterinary ophthalmology · 2026Review
- Advances in biomarker discovery for canine cognitive dysfunction: a comprehensive structured narrative review and future perspectives.Veterinary research communications · 2026Review
- Exploring Alzheimer Disease from a Retinal and Ocular Perspective.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Review
- Toward sustainable diagnostics forRSC advances · 2026Review
- A Multimodal Analysis of Serum and Tear Crystallization Patterns in Patients with Obesity.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Tear fluid database: a reference website for tear fluid proteomics.Database : the journal of biological databases and curation · 2026Article
- Tear fluid reflects the altered protein expressions of Alzheimer's disease patients in proteins involved in protein repair and clearance system or the regulation of cytoskeleton.Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD · 2025Article
- Tear fluid participates in systemic immunity.Zhong nan da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Central South University. Medical sciences · 2025Review
- Identification and validation of a tear fluid-derived protein biomarker signature in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.Acta neuropathologica communications · 2025Article
- Neuroinflammation Markers in Tear Fluid of Mild Alzheimer's Disease.Journal of molecular neuroscience : MN · 2025Article
- Proteomic Analysis of Tear Films in Healthy Female and Male Dogs Using MALDI-TOF (Matrix Assisted Laser Desortion/Ionization Time-of-Flight) Mass Spectrometry.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2025Article
- New Research on Biomarkers in Alzheimer's Continuum.Reviews on recent clinical trials · 2025Review
- Ocular tear fluid biomarkers collected by contact lenses.Biochemical and biophysical research communications · 2024Article
- Recent Advances in Metabolomics and Lipidomics Studies in Human and Animal Models of Multiple Sclerosis.Metabolites · 2024Review
- Oculomics analysis in multiple sclerosis: Current ophthalmic clinical and imaging biomarkers.Eye (London, England) · 2024Review
- Review
- Genetic and Epigenetic Biomarkers Linking Alzheimer's Disease and Age-Related Macular Degeneration.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Liquid clues: tear film biomarkers unravelling Alzheimer's mysteries.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Biological material is one of the most important aspects that allow for the correct diagnosis of the disease, and tears are an interesting subject of research because of the simplicity of collection, as the well as the relation to the components similar to other body fluids. In this review, biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and multiple sclerosis (MS) in tears are investigated and analyzed. Records were obtained from the PubMed and Google Scholar databases in a timeline of 2015-2022. The keywords were: tear film/tear biochemistry/tear biomarkers + diseases (AD, PD, or MS). The recent original studies were analyzed, discussed, and biomarkers present in tears that can be used for the diagnosis and management of AD, PD, and MS diseases were shown. α-synTotal and α-synOligo, lactoferrin, norepinephrine, adrenaline, epinephrine, dopamine, α-2-macroglobulin, proteins involved in immune response, lipid metabolism and oxidative stress, apolipoprotein superfamily, and others were shown to be biomarkers in PD. For AD as potential biomarkers, there are: lipocalin-1, lysozyme-C, and lacritin, amyloid proteins, t-Tau, p-Tau; for MS there are: oligoclonal bands, lipids containing choline, free carnitine, acylcarnitines, and some amino acids. Information systematized in this review provides interesting data and new insight to help improve clinical outcomes for patients with neurodegenerative disorders.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.