ArticleVeterinary medicine and science2022
Effect of medetomidine, midazolam, ketamine, propofol and isoflurane on spinal reflexes in healthy dogs.
Article in Veterinary medicine and science, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 6 citations in OpenAlex.
- Ia excitatory postsynaptic potentials are potentiated in slow-type motoneurons after a 5-week treadmill endurance training in rats.European journal of applied physiology · 2026Article
- Intraoperative magnesium sulphate as an analgesic adjunct in a multimodal, opioid-sparing protocol for canine ovariohysterectomy: a prospective, randomized, controlled, double-blind study.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2026Article
- Increase in Ia Afferent Synaptic Excitation of SOD1 G93A Mouse Motoneurons by 2-Week Anodal Trans-Spinal Direct Current Stimulation Does Not Ameliorate the Cellular Burden of the Disease.The European journal of neuroscience · 2025Article
- Effects of acepromazine, xylazine and propofol on spinal reflexes in healthy dogs.Veterinary medicine and science · 2024Article
- Effect of medetomidine, midazolam, ketamine, propofol and isoflurane on spinal reflexes in healthy dogs.Veterinary medicine and science · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundSometimes it is necessary to use sedatives or even general anaesthetics to examine animals with spinal cord injuries. These drugs may affect spinal reflexes, alter the outcome of neurological examinations, and make it difficult to diagnose location of the lesion.
objectivesThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of five pre-anaesthetic and anaesthetic agents commonly used in clinics on spinal reflexes in dogs.
methodsTen native adult dogs were participated in three groups. In all groups, the dogs were premedicated with medetomidine and midazolam; then, in the first group, ketamine, in the second group, propofol and in the third group, isoflurane were used for induction of anaesthesia. The spinal reflexes were evaluated before injection, 15 min after medetomidine, 20 min after midazolam, and at 15, 30, 45 and 60 min after induction of anaesthesia.
resultsMedetomidine did not reduce monosynaptic reflexes (patellar and cranial tibial reflexes) but increased them while it had no effect on the polysynaptic limb withdrawal reflexes. Midazolam had no effect on the spinal reflexes; Ketamine did not affect the patellar, cranial tibial and extensor carpi radialis reflexes, but reduced polysynaptic pain-related reflexes; and propofol and isoflurane abolished the all spinal reflexes.
conclusionsMedetomidine, midazolam and ketamine have no effect on reducing monosynaptic reflexes (patellar and cranial tibial reflexes) and may be used for neurological examination of restless animals in the clinic. Propofol and isoflurane eliminated all spinal reflex responses and are not suitable for neurological examinations.
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