ArticlePediatric research2023
Vitamin D deficiency and vitamin D receptor FokI polymorphism as risk factors for COVID-19.
Article in Pediatric research, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 31 citations in OpenAlex.
- Vitamin D status in children with mild, moderate, or severe confirmed COVID-19: systematic-review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2025Pooled it
- Pharmacological evaluation of vitamin D in COVID-19 and long COVID-19: recent studies confirm clinical validation and highlight metformin to improve VDR sensitivity and efficacy.Inflammopharmacology · 2024Pooled it
- Genetic insights into hepatocellular carcinoma: the role of VDR FokI (rs2228570) and TaqI (rs731236) polymorphisms in Egyptian patients.BMC medical genomics · 2026Article
- Association between vitamin D polymorphisms and binding protein and COVID-19 risk and severity in children.Clinical and experimental pediatrics · 2025Article
- Vitamin D Status and Incidence of SARS-CoV-2 Reinfections in the Borriana COVID-19 Cohort: A Population-Based Prospective Cohort Study.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2025Article
- Association of VDR and TMPRSS2 gene polymorphisms with COVID-19 severity: a computational and clinical study.Molecular biology reports · 2025Article
- Comparison of the role of vitamin D in normal organs and those affected by COVID-19.International journal of medical sciences · 2025Review
- The role of inflammatory gene polymorphisms in severe COVID-19: a review.Virology journal · 2024Review
- Lack of Association Between BsmI and FokI Polymorphisms of the VDR Gene and Sporadic Colorectal Cancer in a Romanian Cohort-A Preliminary Study.Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.) · 2024Article
- Role of Vitamin D and Vitamin D Polymorphisms in COVID-19 Risk and Severity in Children: A Systematic Review.Cureus · 2024Review
- Association of genetic polymorphisms with COVID-19 infection and outcomes: An updated meta-analysis based on 62 studies.Heliyon · 2024Article
- The vitamin D receptor TaqI TT genotype is associated with type 1 diabetes in the Black South African population.Journal of nutritional science · 2024Observational
- Relevance of Serum Levels and Functional Genetic Variants in Vitamin D Receptor Gene among Saudi Women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus.Nutrients · 2023Article
- Association of ApaI rs7975232 and BsmI rs1544410 in clinical outcomes of COVID-19 patients according to different SARS-CoV-2 variants.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Genetic Variations of the Vitamin D Metabolic Pathway and COVID-19 Susceptibility and Severity: Current Understanding and Existing Evidence.Biomedicines · 2023Review
- Association ofGenes · 2023Article
- Evaluating the Role ofGenes · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
38 authors at 13 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundGiven the sparse data on vitamin D status in pediatric COVID-19, we investigated whether vitamin D deficiency could be a risk factor for susceptibility to COVID-19 in Egyptian children and adolescents. We also investigated whether vitamin D receptor (VDR) FokI polymorphism could be a genetic marker for COVID-19 susceptibility.
methodsOne hundred and eighty patients diagnosed to have COVID-19 and 200 matched control children and adolescents were recruited. Patients were laboratory confirmed as SARS-CoV-2 positive by real-time RT-PCR. All participants were genotyped for VDR Fok1 polymorphism by RT-PCR. Vitamin D status was defined as sufficient for serum 25(OH) D at least 30 ng/mL, insufficient at 21-29 ng/mL, deficient at <20 ng/mL.
resultsNinety-four patients (52%) had low vitamin D levels with 74 (41%) being deficient and 20 (11%) had vitamin D insufficiency. Vitamin D deficiency was associated with 2.6-fold increased risk for COVID-19 (OR = 2.6; [95% CI 1.96-4.9]; P = 0.002. The FokI FF genotype was significantly more represented in patients compared to control group (OR = 4.05; [95% CI: 1.95-8.55]; P < 0.001).
conclusionsVitamin D deficiency and VDR Fok I polymorphism may constitute independent risk factors for susceptibility to COVID-19 in Egyptian children and adolescents. IMPACT: Vitamin D deficiency could be a modifiable risk factor for COVID-19 in children and adolescents because of its immune-modulatory action. To our knowledge, ours is the first such study to investigate the VDR Fok I polymorphism in Caucasian children and adolescents with COVID-19. Vitamin D deficiency and the VDR Fok I polymorphism may constitute independent risk factors for susceptibility to COVID-19 in Egyptian children and adolescents. Clinical trials should be urgently conducted to test for causality and to evaluate the efficacy of vitamin D supplementation for prophylaxis and treatment of COVID-19 taking into account the VDR polymorphisms.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.