ArticleInternational journal of general medicine2022
Independent Association of 25[OH]D Level on Reduced Glutathione and TNF-α in Patients with Diabetes and/or Hypertension.
Article in International journal of general medicine, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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11 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
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Abstract
Purpose: Oxidative and inflammatory pathways play a significant role in the pathophysiology of a wide variety of non-communicable diseases such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and hypertension. However, the effect of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) on these pathways is still controversial. To evaluate the association of 25[OH]D on antioxidant and pro-inflammatory biomarkers, reduced glutathione (GSH) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, in T2DM and hypertensive patients. Patients and Methods: This is a cross-sectional study of a consecutive sample of patients attending the the Family Medicine clinic at King Abdullah bin Abdulaziz University Hospital (KAAUH). Participants were screened for eligibility according to the following criteria: aged above 18 years and diagnosed with T2DM and/or hypertension for at least one year. Patients receiving any kind of vitamin D or calcium supplements within the last three months were excluded, as were those with a history of renal failure, cancer, liver, thyroid, or any other chronic inflammatory diseases. Results: In total 424 T2DM and/or hypertensive patients (mean age 55±12 years) were recruited. In addition to routine physical and laboratory examinations, levels of serum 25[OH]D, GSH and TNF-α were measured. The prevalence of 25[OH]D deficiency (<50 nmol/L) was 35.1%, which was independent from GSH and TNF-α levels. In T2DM, hypertensive and patients having both diseases, GSH levels were 349.3±19, 355.4±19 and 428.8±20 μmol/L, respectively. Uncontrolled T2DM and hypertension patients showed significantly higher GSH compared with the controlled group. Males showed slightly higher level of TNF-α compared with females and uncontrolled hypertensive patients had relatively higher TNF-α level when evaluated against controlled hypertensive patients. . Conclusion: 25[OH]D level is independent of oxidative stress and inflammation, assessed by levels of GSH and TNF-α, respectively, in T2DM and hypertensive Saudi patients. .
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