ArticlePediatric diabetes2022
Differences in retinopathy prevalence and associated risk factors across 11 countries in three continents: A cross-sectional study of 156,090 children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes.
Article in Pediatric diabetes, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 13 citations in OpenAlex.
- Risk factors for the occurrence and progression of diabetic retinopathy in children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in public health · 2026Pooled it
- Prevalence of vision impairment among patients with diabetes mellitus in sub-Saharan Africa: A systematic review and meta-analysis.PloS one · 2025Pooled it
- Telemedicine in Improving Glycemic Control Among Children and Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of medical Internet research · 2024Pooled it
- Impact of the era of diabetes onset in a national care system on the prevalence of retinopathy and microalbuminuria in people living with type 1 diabetes 15 years post-diagnosis: A cross-sectional, real-world observational study.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2025Observational
- Ocular findings in children, adolescents and young adults with type 1 diabetes mellitus in ghana: a cross-sectional study.BMC ophthalmology · 2025Article
- Cardiovascular risk factors and modern therapeutic strategies in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes to prevent future diabetic angiopathy in the era of innovative miRNAs biomarkers.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Review
- Diagnostic Biomarkers of Microvascular Complications in Children and Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus-An Updated Review.Pediatric reports · 2024Review
- Prevalence and Predictors of Diabetic Retinopathy, Its Progression and Regression in Indian Children and Youth With Type-1 Diabetes.Clinical medicine insights. Endocrinology and diabetes · 2024Article
- A GDPR-Compliant Dynamic Consent Mobile Application for the Australasian Type-1 Diabetes Data Network.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Differences in retinopathy prevalence and associated risk factors across 11 countries in three continents: A cross-sectional study of 156,090 children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes.Pediatric diabetes · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
21 authors at 14 institutions in 10 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo examine the prevalence, time trends, and risk factors of diabetic retinopathy (DR) among youth with type 1 diabetes (T1D) from 11 countries (Australia, Austria, Denmark, England, Germany, Italy, Luxemburg, Netherlands, Slovenia, United States, and Wales). SUBJECTS AND
methodsData on individuals aged 10-21 years with T1D for >1 year during the period 2000-2020 were analyzed. We used a cross-sectional design using the most recent year of visit to investigate the time trend. For datasets with longitudinal data, we aggregated the variables per participant and observational year, using data of the most recent year to take the longest observation period into account. DR screening was performed through quality assured national screening programs. Multiple logistic regression models adjusted for the year of the eye examination, age, gender, minority status, and duration of T1D were used to evaluate clinical characteristics and the risk of DR.
resultsData from 156,090 individuals (47.1% female, median age 15.7 years, median duration of diabetes 5.2 years) were included. Overall, the unadjusted prevalence of any DR was 5.8%, varying from 0.0% (0/276) to 16.2% between countries. The probability of DR increased with longer disease duration (aOR
conclusionsThe prevalence of DR in this large cohort of youth with T1D varied among countries, increased with diabetes duration, decreased over time, and was associated with higher HbA1c, hypertension, and smoking.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.