ArticleClinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America2023
Sex Differences in Subclinical Atherosclerosis and Systemic Immune Activation/Inflammation Among People With Human Immunodeficiency Virus in the United States.
Article in Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It reports registered trial NCT02344290. Cited by 11 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Randomized Trial to Prevent Vascular Events in HIV - REPRIEVE
Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 21 citations in OpenAlex.
- Direct-Acting Antivirals Quickly Eradicate Hepatitis C Virus From the Liver in People With Human Immunodeficiency Virus but Do Not Fully Reverse Immune Activation.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2025Trial
- Performance of the pooled cohort equations and D:A:D risk scores among individuals with HIV in a global cardiovascular disease prevention trial: a cohort study leveraging data from REPRIEVE.The lancet. HIV · 2025Trial
- Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors, Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Events, and Plaque Progression Among Women With Cancer.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2026Article
- Early versus deferred antiretroviral therapy initiation and long-term cardiovascular disease outcomes in people with HIV: The START study.Open forum infectious diseases · 2025Article
- NLRC5 in Macrophages Promotes Atherosclerosis in Acute Coronary Syndrome by Regulating STAT3 Expression.Cardiovascular toxicology · 2025Article
- Immune and senescence profiles associated with non-AIDS-defining cancer risk in people with HIV: a case-cohort study.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Transgender Women With Suppressed Testosterone Display Lower Burden of Coronary Disease Than Matched Cisgender Men.Journal of the Endocrine Society · 2024Article
- Cardiovascular Risk Estimation Is Suboptimal in People With HIV.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2024Article
- Risk factors for clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential in people with HIV: a report from the REPRIEVE trial.Blood advances · 2024 · on this mapArticle
- Biological and Clinical Implications of the Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Coreceptor Neuropilin-1 in Human Immunodeficiency Virus.Open forum infectious diseases · 2023 · on this mapArticle
- Harnessing Autophagy to Overcome Antigen-Specific T-Cell Dysfunction: Implication for People Living with HIV-1.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
24 authors at 14 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundAmong people with HIV (PWH), sex differences in presentations of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) may be influenced by differences in coronary plaque parameters, immune/inflammatory biomarkers, or relationships therein.
methodsREPRIEVE, a primary ASCVD prevention trial, enrolled antiretroviral therapy (ART)-treated PWH. At entry, a subset of US participants underwent coronary computed tomography angiography (CTA) and immune phenotyping (n = 755 CTA; n = 725 CTA + immune). We characterized sex differences in coronary plaque and immune/inflammatory biomarkers and compared immune-plaque relationships by sex. Unless noted otherwise, analyses adjust for ASCVD risk score.
resultsThe primary analysis cohort included 631 males and 124 females. ASCVD risk was higher among males (median: 4.9% vs 2.1%), while obesity rates were higher among females (48% vs 21%). Prevalence of any plaque and of plaque with either ≥1 visible noncalcified portion or vulnerable features (NC/V-P) was lower among females overall and controlling for relevant risk factors (RR [95% CI] for any plaque: .67 [.50, .92]; RR for NC/V-P: .71 [.51, 1.00] [adjusted for ASCVD risk score and body mass index]). Females showed higher levels of IL-6, hs-CRP, and D-dimer and lower levels of Lp-PLA2 (P < .001 for all). Higher levels of Lp-PLA2, MCP-1, and oxLDL were associated with higher plaque (P < .02) and NC/V-P prevalence, with no differences by sex. Among females but not males, D-dimer was associated with higher prevalence of NC/V-P (interaction P = .055).
conclusionsAmong US PWH, females had a lower prevalence of plaque and NC/V-P, as well as differences in key immune/inflammatory biomarkers. Immune-plaque relationships differed by sex for D-dimer but not other tested parameters. Clinical Trial Registration. ClinicalTrials.gov; identifier: NCT0234429 (date of initial registration: 22 January 2015).
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.