ArticleThe Science of the total environment2023
Associations of individual and cumulative urinary phthalate and replacement biomarkers with gestational weight gain through late pregnancy.
Article in The Science of the total environment, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed.
- Associations of endocrine disrupting chemicals with anogenital distance across infancy.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2026Observational
- Improvement in Maternal Diet Quality Across Pregnancy Is Associated With Lower Gestational Weight Gain in Women With Obesity From the Illinois Kids Development Study.Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics · 2026Article
- Placental toxicity of alternative plasticizers: Current knowledge and future directions.Reproductive toxicology (Elmsford, N.Y.) · 2026Review
- Associations of glyphosate and aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA) concentrations with birth outcomes in pregnant women from the Midwestern U.S.International journal of hygiene and environmental health · 2026Article
- Examining the association between gestational phenol exposure and infant non-nutritive suck in two Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes cohorts.Environmental epidemiology (Philadelphia, Pa.) · 2025Article
- Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals and Persistent Nausea among Pregnant Women Enrolled in the Illinois Kids Development Study (I-KIDS).Environmental health perspectives · 2025Article
- Partial Effects in Environmental Mixtures: Evidence and Guidance on Methods and Implications.Environmental health perspectives · 2025Article
- Prenatal exposure to phthalates and phthalate replacements in relation to chorionic plate surface vasculature at delivery.The Science of the total environment · 2025Article
- Exploring diet as a source of plasticizers in pregnancy and implications for maternal second-trimester metabolic health.Environmental research · 2024Article
- Phthalate and phthalate replacement concentrations in relationship to adiposity in a multi-racial cohort of children.International journal of obesity (2005) · 2024Article
- Associations of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances with maternal early second trimester sex-steroid hormones.International journal of hygiene and environmental health · 2024Article
- Article
- Associations of urinary non-persistent endocrine disrupting chemical biomarkers with early-to-mid pregnancy plasma sex-steroid and thyroid hormones.Environment international · 2024Article
- Exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals impacts immunological and metabolic status of women during pregnancy.Molecular and cellular endocrinology · 2023Article
- Maternal exposure to phthalates and total gestational weight gain in the LIFECODES birth cohort.Reproductive toxicology (Elmsford, N.Y.) · 2023Article
- Modulation of fetoplacental growth, development and reproductive function by endocrine disrupters.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Review
- Region- and age-specific effects of perinatal phthalate exposure on developmental cell death and adult anatomy of dorsal and ventral hippocampus and associated cognitive behaviors.Neurotoxicology and teratologyArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
BACKGROUND/
aimsPhthalates and their replacements are endocrine/metabolic disruptors that may impact gestational weight gain (GWG) - a pregnancy health indicator. We investigated overall and fetal sex-specific associations of individual and cumulative phthalate/replacement biomarkers with GWG.
methodsIllinois women (n = 299) self-reported their weight pre-pregnancy and at their final obstetric appointment before delivery (median 38 weeks). We calculated pre-pregnancy body mass index and gestational age-specific GWG z-scores (GWGz). We quantified 19 phthalate/replacement metabolites (representing 10 parent compounds) in pools of up-to-five first-morning urine samples, collected approximately monthly between 8 and 40 weeks gestation. We used linear regression, quantile-based g-computation (QGComp), and weighted quantile sum regression (WQSR) to evaluate associations of ten biomarkers (individual metabolites or parent molar-sums) individually or as mixtures (in interquartile range intervals) with GWGz. We evaluated associations in all women and stratified by fetal sex.
resultsIndividually, sums of metabolites of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (ƩDEHP), di(isononyl) cyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylate (ƩDiNCH), and di(2-ethylhexyl) terephthalate (ƩDEHTP) had consistent inverse associations with GWGz, and some associations were fetal sex-specific. When evaluating phthalates/replacements as a mixture, QGComp identified ƩDEHP, ƩDEHTP, and mono-(3-carboxypropyl) phthalate, along with sum of di(isononyl) phthalate metabolites (ƩDiNP) and monobenzyl phthalate as notable contributors to lower and higher GWGz, respectively, resulting in a marginal inverse joint association in all women (β: -0.29; 95% CI: -0.70, 0.12). In women carrying females, ƩDEHP contributed to the marginal inverse joint association (β: -0.54; 95% CI: -1.09, 0.03). However, there was no overall association in women carrying males (β: 0.00; 95% CI: -0.60, 0.59), which was explained by approximately equal negative (driven by ƩDEHTP) and positive (driven by ƩDiNP) partial associations. WQSR analyses consistently replicated these QGComp findings.
conclusionsBiomarkers of phthalates/replacements were fetal sex-specifically associated with GWGz. Because ƩDEHTP contributed substantively to mixture associations, additional studies in pregnant women may be needed around this plasticizer replacement.
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