ArticleFrontiers in pharmacology2022
Integrative network pharmacology and experimental verification to reveal the anti-inflammatory mechanism of ginsenoside Rh4.
Article in Frontiers in pharmacology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
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13 citing papers in PubMed, 26 citations in OpenAlex.
- Integrated GNPS Molecular Networking and Network Pharmacology Uncover Methylophiopogonanone B as a Novel Anti-Inflammatory Agent From Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua Targeting the SRC-PI3K-Akt Pathway.Biomedical chromatography : BMC · 2026Article
- Li-ginseng powder alleviates cancer cachexia in mice by regulating the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway and reducing inflammation.Journal of ginseng research · 2026Article
- Ginsenosides Rk3 and Rh4: Efficient transformation, modern pharmacological effects, and applications potential.Journal of ginseng research · 2026Review
- Involvement of trimethylamine N-oxide in major depressive disorder via astrocytic d-Serine dysregulation.Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics · 2026Article
- Comprehensive understanding and underlying molecular mechanisms of the adaptogenic effects ofJournal of ginseng research · 2025Review
- Widely Targeted Metabolomic Analysis Reveals the Improvement inMolecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Exploring the pathways of drug repurposing and Panax ginseng treatment mechanisms in chronic heart failure: a disease module analysis perspective.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Optimized therapeutic potential of Sijunzi-similar formulae for chronic atrophic gastritis via Bayesian network meta-analysis.EXCLI journal · 2024Article
- Exploring the Molecular Mechanism of HongTeng Decoction against Inflammation based on Network Analysis and Experiments Validation.Current computer-aided drug design · 2024Article
- Therapeutic Applications of Ginseng Natural Compounds for Health Management.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Ginsenoside Rh4 inhibits inflammation-related hepatocellular carcinoma progression by targeting HDAC4/IL-6/STAT3 signaling.Molecular genetics and genomics : MGG · 2023Article
- Structural Characterization and Anti-Inflammatory Activity of a Novel Polysaccharide fromPolymers · 2023Article
- Therapeutic Effect of Costunolide in Autoimmune Hepatitis: Network Pharmacology and Experimental Validation.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
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7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Inflammation is an innate immune response to infection, and it is the main factor causing bodily injury and other complications in the pathological process. Ginsenoside Rh4 (G-Rh4), a minor ginsenoside of Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer and Panax notoginseng, has excellent pharmacological properties. However, many of its major pharmacological mechanisms, including anti-inflammatory actions, remain unrevealed. In this study, network pharmacology and an experimental approach were employed to elucidate the drug target and pathways of G-Rh4 in treating inflammation. The potential targets of G-Rh4 were selected from the multi-source databases, and 58 overlapping gene symbols related to G-Rh4 and inflammation were obtained for generating a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network. Molecular docking revealed the high affinities between key proteins and G-Rh4. Gene ontology (GO) and pathway enrichment analyses were used to analyze the screened core targets and explore the target-pathway networks. It was found that the JAK-STAT signaling pathway, TNF signaling pathway, NF-κB signaling pathway, and PI3K-Akt signaling pathway may be the key and main pathways of G-Rh4 to treat inflammation. Additionally, the potential molecular mechanisms of G-Rh4 predicted from network pharmacology analysis were validated in RAW264.7 cells. RT-PCR, Western blot, and ELISA analysis indicated that G-Rh4 significantly inhibited the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β, as well as inflammation-related enzymes in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. Moreover,
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