ReviewMicroorganisms2022
Immunomodulatory Effects of Probiotics on COVID-19 Infection by Targeting the Gut-Lung Axis Microbial Cross-Talk.
Review in Microorganisms, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 22 citations in OpenAlex.
- The effect of probiotics on the risk of mortality in patients with COVID-19: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials.Inflammopharmacology · 2023Pooled it
- Probiotics improve symptoms of patients with COVID-19 through gut-lung axis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in nutrition · 2023Pooled it
- Probiotics and Bacteriocins Against SARS-CoV-2: Therapeutic Frontiers and Mechanistic Insights.Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins · 2026Review
- Harnessing Gut Microbiota to Enhance Immunotherapy in NSCLC: From Mechanisms to Translational Applications.Cancer medicine · 2026Review
- Coenzyme Q10 and/or stevioside enhance growth, hypoxia tolerance, immune responses, antioxidant capacity, and gene expression profiling in Nile tilapia.Fish physiology and biochemistry · 2026Article
- Probiotics: multifunctional microorganisms for human health and biotechnological applications.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Review
- Mechanisms and therapeutics of immunometabolic reprogramming driving macrophage-ECs interactions in sepsis-associated ARDS from the gut-lung axis perspective.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Exploring the relationship between colorectal polyps and pulmonary nodules based on the theory of the lung and the large intestine being internally and externally connected.Journal of traditional Chinese medicine = Chung i tsa chih ying wen pan · 2025Article
- The Mystery of CertainMicroorganisms · 2025Review
- Intestinal-pulmonary axis: a 'Force For Good' against respiratory viral infections.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- The dynamic linkage between covid-19 and nutrition: a review from a probiotics perspective using machine learning and bibliometric analysis.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Article
- Review
- Alterations in microbiota of patients with COVID-19: implications for therapeutic interventions.MedComm · 2024Review
- Precision nutrition to reset virus-induced human metabolic reprogramming and dysregulation (HMRD) in long-COVID.NPJ science of food · 2024Review
- Review
- Gut microbiota in post-acute COVID-19 syndrome: not the end of the story.Frontiers in microbiology · 2024Review
- Potential of macronutrients and probiotics to boost immunity in patients with SARS-COV-2: a narrative review.Frontiers in nutrition · 2023Review
- Preventing bacterial disease in poultry in the post-antibiotic era: a case for innate immunity modulation as an alternative to antibiotic use.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Unveiling the potential pleiotropic effects of metformin in treating COVID-19: a comprehensive review.Frontiers in molecular biosciences · 2023Review
- Innate and adaptive immunity to SARS-CoV-2 and predisposing factors.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The ecosystem of the human gastrointestinal tract, named gut microbiota, represents the most thoroughly mapped ecosystem. Perturbations on bacterial populations cause dysbiosis, a condition correlated to a wide range of autoimmune, neurological, metabolic, cardiovascular, and respiratory diseases. The lungs have their flora, which are directly related to the gut flora via bidirectional communication allowing the transport of microbial metabolites and toxins produced by intestinal bacteria through the circulation and lymphatic system. This mutual microbial cross-talk communication called the gut-lung axis modulates the immune and inflammatory response to infections. COVID-19 causes dysbiosis, altered intestinal permeability, and bacterial translocation. Dysbiosis, through the gut-lung axis, promotes hyper-inflammation, exacerbates lung damage, and worsens clinical outcomes. Preclinical and clinical studies have shown that probiotics can regulate cytokine secretion, thus affecting both nonspecific and specific immunity. Probiotics act by blocking the virus from invading and proliferating in host cells, by stimulating the immune response, and by suppressing the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome. Herein, we reviewed the evidence from preclinical and clinical studies evaluating the effect of probiotics administration on the immune response to COVID-19 infection by targeting the gut-lung axis microbial cross-talk.
Indexed as
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What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.