ReviewNutrients2022
The Burden of Carbohydrates in Health and Disease.
Review in Nutrients, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 78 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
78 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 172 citations in OpenAlex.
- Dietary Carbohydrates and ADHD Symptoms: A Systematic Review.Nutrients · 2026Pooled it
- Influence of Carbohydrate Intake During Pregnancy in the Offspring's Dietary Pattern and Food Preferences: A Systematic Review.Maternal and child health journal · 2026Pooled it
- The Correlation Between Carbohydrate Loading Diet and Gut Microbiome: A Systematic Review.MicrobiologyOpen · 2025Pooled it
- Metabolic plasticity of the gut microbiome in response to diets differing in glycemic load in a randomized, crossover, controlled feeding study.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2025Trial
- The substitute ENSO 16 has low impact on glucose metabolism in healthy humans: a randomized, double-blind, active-controlled, cross-over trial.Scientific reports · 2024Trial
- Article
- Review
- Dietary carbohydrate quality and fiber-rich food intake are associated with heart failure stages: the CARDIA study.Nutrition, metabolism, and cardiovascular diseases : NMCD · 2026Article
- Refined Carbohydrate-Rich Diet Promotes Early Myocardial Dysfunction Associated with Adiponectin Reduction, Inflammation, and Impaired CaNutrients · 2026Article
- Distinct SCFA profiles drive contrasting impacts of whole versus refined grains on metabolic health and body composition beyond inflammation in older adults: a secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial.Nutrition & metabolism · 2026Article
- Interrelationships between Refined Carbohydrates, Periodontal Diseases, and Cognitive Decline: A Narrative Review.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2026Review
- Mechanisms, Modulation, and Mitigation: Dietary-Gut Microbiome Strategies Against Antibiotic Resistance.Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins · 2026Review
- Integrating Phytochemical Bioactivity and Glycemic Risk to Evaluate Fruits for Type 2 Diabetes Management: A Korean Market Perspective.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Plasma vitamin profiles and their associations with metabolic health and mental wellbeing in midlife Asian women.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Development and Evaluation of a Planetary Health Diet Index: The Mediators of Atherosclerosis in South Asians Living in America Study.Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics · 2026Article
- Investigating the Role of Carbohydrates Quantity and Quality in the Incidence of Metabolic Syndrome: A Two-Year Cohort Study : Short title: Fat and Sleep Quality.Galen medical journal · 2026Article
- The Impact of Nutrition, Genetics, Environment, and Common Issues on Adolescent Growth and Development.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2026Review
- Germinated Brown Rice: A Natural Source of Bioactive Compounds Boosting Human Health.International journal of food science · 2026Review
- Dietary Behaviors, Sugar Intake, and Public Awareness of Nutritional Labeling Among Young Adults: Implications for Oral and Systemic Health.Nutrients · 2025Article
- Association between high carbohydrate to dietary fiber ratio and risk of dementia in older adults: analysis from the UK biobank.BMC neurology · 2025Article
18 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Foods high in carbohydrates are an important part of a healthy diet, since they provide the body with glucose to support bodily functions and physical activity. However, the abusive consumption of refined, simple, and low-quality carbohydrates has a direct implication on the physical and mental pathophysiology. Then, carbohydrate consumption is postulated as a crucial factor in the development of the main Western diseases of the 21st century. We conducted this narrative critical review using MedLine (Pubmed), Cochrane (Wiley), Embase, and CinAhl databases with the MeSH-compliant keywords: carbohydrates and evolution, development, phylogenetic, GUT, microbiota, stress, metabolic health, consumption behaviors, metabolic disease, cardiovascular disease, mental disease, anxiety, depression, cancer, chronic kidney failure, allergies, and asthma in order to analyze the impact of carbohydrates on health. Evidence suggests that carbohydrates, especially fiber, are beneficial for the well-being and growth of gut microorganisms and consequently for the host in this symbiotic relationship, producing microbial alterations a negative effect on mental health and different organic systems. In addition, evidence suggests a negative impact of simple carbohydrates and refined carbohydrates on mood categories, including alertness and tiredness, reinforcing a vicious circle. Regarding physical health, sugar intake can affect the development and prognosis of metabolic disease, as an uncontrolled intake of refined carbohydrates puts individuals at risk of developing metabolic syndrome and subsequently developing metabolic disease.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.