ArticlePharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland)2022
Antiproliferative and Apoptotic Effects of Graphene Oxide @AlFu MOF Based Saponin Natural Product on OSCC Line.
Article in Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland), 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 28 citations in OpenAlex.
- Innovative nanoparticle strategies for treating oral cancers.Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) · 2025Review
- A Carbon-Based Nanomaterial with Dichotomous Effects: Antineoplastic on Oral Cancer Cells and Osteoinductive/Chondroinductive on Dental Pulp Stem Cells.Journal of functional biomaterials · 2025Article
- Development of an Innovative Dual Construct for Targeted Drug Delivery in the Oral Cavity.Pharmaceutics · 2025Article
- Enhanced efficacy of breast cancer treatment with etoposide-graphene oxide nanogels: A novel nanomedicine approach.BioImpacts : BI · 2025Article
- Metal-organic frameworks in drug delivery: engineering versatile platforms for therapeutic applications.RSC advances · 2024Review
- TEAD transcription factor family emerges as a promising therapeutic target for oral squamous cell carcinoma.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Nano-Drug Delivery Systems in Oral Cancer Therapy: Recent Developments and Prospective.Pharmaceutics · 2023Review
- Innovative Metal-Organic Frameworks for Targeted Oral Cancer Therapy: A Review.Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- The antimicrobial efficacy of nanographene oxide and double antibiotic paste per se and in combination: part II.BMC oral health · 2023Article
- The antimicrobial efficacy of graphene oxide, double antibiotic paste, and their combination against Enterococcus faecalis in the root canal treatment.BMC oral health · 2023Article
- Spectroscopic Characterization and Biological Activity of Hesperetin Schiff Bases and Their Cu(II) Complexes.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Lactone Stabilized by Crosslinked Cyclodextrin Metal-Organic Frameworks to Improve Local Bioavailability of Topotecan in Lung Cancer.Pharmaceutics · 2022Article
- Synergistically Enhancing the Therapeutic Effect on Cancer, via Asymmetric Bioinspired Materials.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The increasing rate of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and the undesirable side effects of anticancer agents have enhanced the demand for the development of efficient, detectable, and targeted anticancer systems. Saponins are a diverse family of natural glycosides that have recently been evaluated as an effective compound for the targeted therapy of squamous cell carcinoma. Due to their porous nature and stable structure, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are a well-known substance form for various biological applications, such as drug delivery. In this study, we fabricated a novel hybrid, highly porous and low-toxic saponin-loaded nanostructure by modifying graphene oxide (GO)/reduced GO (rGO) with aluminum fumarate (AlFu) as MOF core-shell nanocomposite. The characterization of the nanostructures was investigated by FTIR, TEM, EDX, FESEM, and BET. MTT assay was used to investigate the anticancer activity of these compounds on OSCC and PDL normal dental cells. The effect of the nanocomposites on OSCC was then investigated by studying apoptosis and necrosis using flow cytometry. The GO/rGO was decorated with a saponin-AlFu mixture to further investigate cytotoxicity. The results of the MTT assay showed that PDL cells treated with AlFu-GO-saponin at a concentration of 250 μg/mL had a viability of 74.46 ± 16.02%, while OSCC cells treated with this sample at a similar concentration had a viability of only 38.35 ± 19.9%. The anticancer effect of this nanostructure on OSCC was clearly demonstrated. Moreover, the number of apoptotic cells in the AlFu-GO-saponin and AlFu-rGO-saponin groups was 10.98 ± 2.36%-26.90 ± 3.24% and 15.9 ± 4.08%-29.88 ± 0.41%, respectively, compared with 2.52 ± 0.78%-1.31 ± 0.62% in the untreated group. This significant increase in apoptotic effect observed with AlFu-rGO-saponin was also reflected in the significant anticancer effect of saponin-loaded nanostructures. Therefore, this study suggests that an effective saponin delivery system protocol for the precise design and fabrication of anticancer nanostructures for OSCC therapy should be performed prior to in vivo evaluations.
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