Evidence map›Paper›PMID 36170500›Full record

Trial reportThe New England journal of medicine2022

Multicenter, Randomized Trial of a Bionic Pancreas in Type 1 Diabetes.

Bionic Pancreas Research Group, Steven J Russell, Roy W Beck, Edward R Damiano, Firas H El-Khatib, Katrina J Ruedy, Courtney A Balliro, Zoey Li, Peter Calhoun, R Paul Wadwa and 70 more

Registry-linked trialOpen access · bronzeAbstract readComparative StudyMulticenter StudyRandomized Controlled Trial
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in The New England journal of medicine, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04200313 (The Insulin-Only Bionic Pancreas Pivotal Trial), which is not on this map. Cited by 88 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
88citing papers in PubMed, 3 pooled it
24.4field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT04200313 nacompletednot on this map

The Insulin-Only Bionic Pancreas Pivotal Trial: Testing the iLet in Adults and Children With Type 1 Diabetes

TypeinterventionalSponsorJaeb Center for Health ResearchRan2020 to 2022Enrolled440ConditionsDiabetes Mellitus, Type 1 Diabetes, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1ArmsBionic Pancreas (BP) with Aspart or Lispro, Bionic Pancreas with Fiasp (BPFiasp), Usual Care (UC), BP Guidance Insulin Dosing
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

88 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 187 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Real-World Evidence of Automated Insulin Delivery System Use.Diabetes technology & therapeutics · 2024
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28 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

80 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Bionic Pancreas Research Group
Steven J RussellThe authors' affiliations are as follows: the Diabetes Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital (S.J.R., C.A.B., J.S.S., L.E.C., M.A.H., M.T., M.S.P., M.Y.S.), and Boston University (E.R.D.), Boston, and Beta Bionics, Concord (E.R.D., F.H.E.-K.) - all in Massachusetts; the Jaeb Center for Health Research, Tampa (R.W.B., K.J.R., Z.L., P.C.), and Nemours Children's Health Jacksonville, Jacksonville (N.M., M. Benson, K. Bird, K.E., J. Permuy) - both in Florida; the Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado, Aurora (R.P.W., G.F., R.S., L.H.M., E.C., V.N.S., S.P.); Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto (B.B., R.L., L.E., M.S.H., M. Basina), Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange (M.D., A. Bhangoo, N.F., H.K., F.S.), and the University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (J. Pettus, S.B.) - all in California; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (K.Z., B.H., L.O.); University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (P.R., P.C.W., A. Choudhary, J. Penn), and University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio (J.L., R.J., M.R., E.E., C.K., R.F.-P.); the University of Washington, Seattle (I.B.H., S.T.); the Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York (R.G., K.M.W., N.L.); the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (J.B.B., M.S.K., K. Bergamo, K.R.K., J.M.D., S. Machineni, L.A.Y., J.C.D.); the Henry Ford Health System, Detroit (D.K., A. Bhan, J.K.J.); Emory University, Atlanta (A.M., K.C., E.F.); Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis (J.B.M., M.S., J.M.S., S.A., A. Cedeno); Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC (F.C., S. Meighan, A.D.); and the Pritzker Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Ann and Robert Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago (J.W.-B.).
Roy W BeckThe authors' affiliations are as follows: the Diabetes Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital (S.J.R., C.A.B., J.S.S., L.E.C., M.A.H., M.T., M.S.P., M.Y.S.), and Boston University (E.R.D.), Boston, and Beta Bionics, Concord (E.R.D., F.H.E.-K.) - all in Massachusetts; the Jaeb Center for Health Research, Tampa (R.W.B., K.J.R., Z.L., P.C.), and Nemours Children's Health Jacksonville, Jacksonville (N.M., M. Benson, K. Bird, K.E., J. Permuy) - both in Florida; the Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado, Aurora (R.P.W., G.F., R.S., L.H.M., E.C., V.N.S., S.P.); Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto (B.B., R.L., L.E., M.S.H., M. Basina), Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange (M.D., A. Bhangoo, N.F., H.K., F.S.), and the University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (J. Pettus, S.B.) - all in California; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (K.Z., B.H., L.O.); University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (P.R., P.C.W., A. Choudhary, J. Penn), and University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio (J.L., R.J., M.R., E.E., C.K., R.F.-P.); the University of Washington, Seattle (I.B.H., S.T.); the Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York (R.G., K.M.W., N.L.); the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (J.B.B., M.S.K., K. Bergamo, K.R.K., J.M.D., S. Machineni, L.A.Y., J.C.D.); the Henry Ford Health System, Detroit (D.K., A. Bhan, J.K.J.); Emory University, Atlanta (A.M., K.C., E.F.); Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis (J.B.M., M.S., J.M.S., S.A., A. Cedeno); Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC (F.C., S. Meighan, A.D.); and the Pritzker Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Ann and Robert Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago (J.W.-B.).
Edward R DamianoThe authors' affiliations are as follows: the Diabetes Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital (S.J.R., C.A.B., J.S.S., L.E.C., M.A.H., M.T., M.S.P., M.Y.S.), and Boston University (E.R.D.), Boston, and Beta Bionics, Concord (E.R.D., F.H.E.-K.) - all in Massachusetts; the Jaeb Center for Health Research, Tampa (R.W.B., K.J.R., Z.L., P.C.), and Nemours Children's Health Jacksonville, Jacksonville (N.M., M. Benson, K. Bird, K.E., J. Permuy) - both in Florida; the Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado, Aurora (R.P.W., G.F., R.S., L.H.M., E.C., V.N.S., S.P.); Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto (B.B., R.L., L.E., M.S.H., M. Basina), Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange (M.D., A. Bhangoo, N.F., H.K., F.S.), and the University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (J. Pettus, S.B.) - all in California; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (K.Z., B.H., L.O.); University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (P.R., P.C.W., A. Choudhary, J. Penn), and University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio (J.L., R.J., M.R., E.E., C.K., R.F.-P.); the University of Washington, Seattle (I.B.H., S.T.); the Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York (R.G., K.M.W., N.L.); the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (J.B.B., M.S.K., K. Bergamo, K.R.K., J.M.D., S. Machineni, L.A.Y., J.C.D.); the Henry Ford Health System, Detroit (D.K., A. Bhan, J.K.J.); Emory University, Atlanta (A.M., K.C., E.F.); Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis (J.B.M., M.S., J.M.S., S.A., A. Cedeno); Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC (F.C., S. Meighan, A.D.); and the Pritzker Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Ann and Robert Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago (J.W.-B.).
Firas H El-KhatibThe authors' affiliations are as follows: the Diabetes Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital (S.J.R., C.A.B., J.S.S., L.E.C., M.A.H., M.T., M.S.P., M.Y.S.), and Boston University (E.R.D.), Boston, and Beta Bionics, Concord (E.R.D., F.H.E.-K.) - all in Massachusetts; the Jaeb Center for Health Research, Tampa (R.W.B., K.J.R., Z.L., P.C.), and Nemours Children's Health Jacksonville, Jacksonville (N.M., M. Benson, K. Bird, K.E., J. Permuy) - both in Florida; the Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado, Aurora (R.P.W., G.F., R.S., L.H.M., E.C., V.N.S., S.P.); Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto (B.B., R.L., L.E., M.S.H., M. Basina), Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange (M.D., A. Bhangoo, N.F., H.K., F.S.), and the University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (J. Pettus, S.B.) - all in California; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (K.Z., B.H., L.O.); University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (P.R., P.C.W., A. Choudhary, J. Penn), and University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio (J.L., R.J., M.R., E.E., C.K., R.F.-P.); the University of Washington, Seattle (I.B.H., S.T.); the Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York (R.G., K.M.W., N.L.); the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (J.B.B., M.S.K., K. Bergamo, K.R.K., J.M.D., S. Machineni, L.A.Y., J.C.D.); the Henry Ford Health System, Detroit (D.K., A. Bhan, J.K.J.); Emory University, Atlanta (A.M., K.C., E.F.); Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis (J.B.M., M.S., J.M.S., S.A., A. Cedeno); Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC (F.C., S. Meighan, A.D.); and the Pritzker Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Ann and Robert Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago (J.W.-B.).
Katrina J RuedyThe authors' affiliations are as follows: the Diabetes Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital (S.J.R., C.A.B., J.S.S., L.E.C., M.A.H., M.T., M.S.P., M.Y.S.), and Boston University (E.R.D.), Boston, and Beta Bionics, Concord (E.R.D., F.H.E.-K.) - all in Massachusetts; the Jaeb Center for Health Research, Tampa (R.W.B., K.J.R., Z.L., P.C.), and Nemours Children's Health Jacksonville, Jacksonville (N.M., M. Benson, K. Bird, K.E., J. Permuy) - both in Florida; the Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado, Aurora (R.P.W., G.F., R.S., L.H.M., E.C., V.N.S., S.P.); Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto (B.B., R.L., L.E., M.S.H., M. Basina), Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange (M.D., A. Bhangoo, N.F., H.K., F.S.), and the University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (J. Pettus, S.B.) - all in California; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (K.Z., B.H., L.O.); University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (P.R., P.C.W., A. Choudhary, J. Penn), and University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio (J.L., R.J., M.R., E.E., C.K., R.F.-P.); the University of Washington, Seattle (I.B.H., S.T.); the Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York (R.G., K.M.W., N.L.); the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (J.B.B., M.S.K., K. Bergamo, K.R.K., J.M.D., S. Machineni, L.A.Y., J.C.D.); the Henry Ford Health System, Detroit (D.K., A. Bhan, J.K.J.); Emory University, Atlanta (A.M., K.C., E.F.); Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis (J.B.M., M.S., J.M.S., S.A., A. Cedeno); Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC (F.C., S. Meighan, A.D.); and the Pritzker Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Ann and Robert Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago (J.W.-B.).
Courtney A BalliroThe authors' affiliations are as follows: the Diabetes Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital (S.J.R., C.A.B., J.S.S., L.E.C., M.A.H., M.T., M.S.P., M.Y.S.), and Boston University (E.R.D.), Boston, and Beta Bionics, Concord (E.R.D., F.H.E.-K.) - all in Massachusetts; the Jaeb Center for Health Research, Tampa (R.W.B., K.J.R., Z.L., P.C.), and Nemours Children's Health Jacksonville, Jacksonville (N.M., M. Benson, K. Bird, K.E., J. Permuy) - both in Florida; the Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado, Aurora (R.P.W., G.F., R.S., L.H.M., E.C., V.N.S., S.P.); Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto (B.B., R.L., L.E., M.S.H., M. Basina), Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange (M.D., A. Bhangoo, N.F., H.K., F.S.), and the University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (J. Pettus, S.B.) - all in California; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (K.Z., B.H., L.O.); University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (P.R., P.C.W., A. Choudhary, J. Penn), and University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio (J.L., R.J., M.R., E.E., C.K., R.F.-P.); the University of Washington, Seattle (I.B.H., S.T.); the Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York (R.G., K.M.W., N.L.); the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (J.B.B., M.S.K., K. Bergamo, K.R.K., J.M.D., S. Machineni, L.A.Y., J.C.D.); the Henry Ford Health System, Detroit (D.K., A. Bhan, J.K.J.); Emory University, Atlanta (A.M., K.C., E.F.); Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis (J.B.M., M.S., J.M.S., S.A., A. Cedeno); Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC (F.C., S. Meighan, A.D.); and the Pritzker Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Ann and Robert Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago (J.W.-B.).
Zoey LiThe authors' affiliations are as follows: the Diabetes Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital (S.J.R., C.A.B., J.S.S., L.E.C., M.A.H., M.T., M.S.P., M.Y.S.), and Boston University (E.R.D.), Boston, and Beta Bionics, Concord (E.R.D., F.H.E.-K.) - all in Massachusetts; the Jaeb Center for Health Research, Tampa (R.W.B., K.J.R., Z.L., P.C.), and Nemours Children's Health Jacksonville, Jacksonville (N.M., M. Benson, K. Bird, K.E., J. Permuy) - both in Florida; the Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado, Aurora (R.P.W., G.F., R.S., L.H.M., E.C., V.N.S., S.P.); Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto (B.B., R.L., L.E., M.S.H., M. Basina), Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange (M.D., A. Bhangoo, N.F., H.K., F.S.), and the University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (J. Pettus, S.B.) - all in California; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (K.Z., B.H., L.O.); University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (P.R., P.C.W., A. Choudhary, J. Penn), and University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio (J.L., R.J., M.R., E.E., C.K., R.F.-P.); the University of Washington, Seattle (I.B.H., S.T.); the Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York (R.G., K.M.W., N.L.); the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (J.B.B., M.S.K., K. Bergamo, K.R.K., J.M.D., S. Machineni, L.A.Y., J.C.D.); the Henry Ford Health System, Detroit (D.K., A. Bhan, J.K.J.); Emory University, Atlanta (A.M., K.C., E.F.); Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis (J.B.M., M.S., J.M.S., S.A., A. Cedeno); Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC (F.C., S. Meighan, A.D.); and the Pritzker Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Ann and Robert Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago (J.W.-B.).
Peter CalhounThe authors' affiliations are as follows: the Diabetes Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital (S.J.R., C.A.B., J.S.S., L.E.C., M.A.H., M.T., M.S.P., M.Y.S.), and Boston University (E.R.D.), Boston, and Beta Bionics, Concord (E.R.D., F.H.E.-K.) - all in Massachusetts; the Jaeb Center for Health Research, Tampa (R.W.B., K.J.R., Z.L., P.C.), and Nemours Children's Health Jacksonville, Jacksonville (N.M., M. Benson, K. Bird, K.E., J. Permuy) - both in Florida; the Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado, Aurora (R.P.W., G.F., R.S., L.H.M., E.C., V.N.S., S.P.); Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto (B.B., R.L., L.E., M.S.H., M. Basina), Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange (M.D., A. Bhangoo, N.F., H.K., F.S.), and the University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (J. Pettus, S.B.) - all in California; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (K.Z., B.H., L.O.); University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (P.R., P.C.W., A. Choudhary, J. Penn), and University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio (J.L., R.J., M.R., E.E., C.K., R.F.-P.); the University of Washington, Seattle (I.B.H., S.T.); the Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York (R.G., K.M.W., N.L.); the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (J.B.B., M.S.K., K. Bergamo, K.R.K., J.M.D., S. Machineni, L.A.Y., J.C.D.); the Henry Ford Health System, Detroit (D.K., A. Bhan, J.K.J.); Emory University, Atlanta (A.M., K.C., E.F.); Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis (J.B.M., M.S., J.M.S., S.A., A. Cedeno); Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC (F.C., S. Meighan, A.D.); and the Pritzker Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Ann and Robert Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago (J.W.-B.).
R Paul WadwaThe authors' affiliations are as follows: the Diabetes Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital (S.J.R., C.A.B., J.S.S., L.E.C., M.A.H., M.T., M.S.P., M.Y.S.), and Boston University (E.R.D.), Boston, and Beta Bionics, Concord (E.R.D., F.H.E.-K.) - all in Massachusetts; the Jaeb Center for Health Research, Tampa (R.W.B., K.J.R., Z.L., P.C.), and Nemours Children's Health Jacksonville, Jacksonville (N.M., M. Benson, K. Bird, K.E., J. Permuy) - both in Florida; the Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado, Aurora (R.P.W., G.F., R.S., L.H.M., E.C., V.N.S., S.P.); Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto (B.B., R.L., L.E., M.S.H., M. Basina), Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange (M.D., A. Bhangoo, N.F., H.K., F.S.), and the University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (J. Pettus, S.B.) - all in California; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (K.Z., B.H., L.O.); University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (P.R., P.C.W., A. Choudhary, J. Penn), and University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio (J.L., R.J., M.R., E.E., C.K., R.F.-P.); the University of Washington, Seattle (I.B.H., S.T.); the Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York (R.G., K.M.W., N.L.); the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (J.B.B., M.S.K., K. Bergamo, K.R.K., J.M.D., S. Machineni, L.A.Y., J.C.D.); the Henry Ford Health System, Detroit (D.K., A. Bhan, J.K.J.); Emory University, Atlanta (A.M., K.C., E.F.); Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis (J.B.M., M.S., J.M.S., S.A., A. Cedeno); Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC (F.C., S. Meighan, A.D.); and the Pritzker Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Ann and Robert Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago (J.W.-B.).ORCID 0000-0002-4139-2122
Bruce BuckinghamThe authors' affiliations are as follows: the Diabetes Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital (S.J.R., C.A.B., J.S.S., L.E.C., M.A.H., M.T., M.S.P., M.Y.S.), and Boston University (E.R.D.), Boston, and Beta Bionics, Concord (E.R.D., F.H.E.-K.) - all in Massachusetts; the Jaeb Center for Health Research, Tampa (R.W.B., K.J.R., Z.L., P.C.), and Nemours Children's Health Jacksonville, Jacksonville (N.M., M. Benson, K. Bird, K.E., J. Permuy) - both in Florida; the Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado, Aurora (R.P.W., G.F., R.S., L.H.M., E.C., V.N.S., S.P.); Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto (B.B., R.L., L.E., M.S.H., M. Basina), Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange (M.D., A. Bhangoo, N.F., H.K., F.S.), and the University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (J. Pettus, S.B.) - all in California; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (K.Z., B.H., L.O.); University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (P.R., P.C.W., A. Choudhary, J. Penn), and University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio (J.L., R.J., M.R., E.E., C.K., R.F.-P.); the University of Washington, Seattle (I.B.H., S.T.); the Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York (R.G., K.M.W., N.L.); the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (J.B.B., M.S.K., K. Bergamo, K.R.K., J.M.D., S. Machineni, L.A.Y., J.C.D.); the Henry Ford Health System, Detroit (D.K., A. Bhan, J.K.J.); Emory University, Atlanta (A.M., K.C., E.F.); Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis (J.B.M., M.S., J.M.S., S.A., A. Cedeno); Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC (F.C., S. Meighan, A.D.); and the Pritzker Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Ann and Robert Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago (J.W.-B.).
Keren ZhouThe authors' affiliations are as follows: the Diabetes Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital (S.J.R., C.A.B., J.S.S., L.E.C., M.A.H., M.T., M.S.P., M.Y.S.), and Boston University (E.R.D.), Boston, and Beta Bionics, Concord (E.R.D., F.H.E.-K.) - all in Massachusetts; the Jaeb Center for Health Research, Tampa (R.W.B., K.J.R., Z.L., P.C.), and Nemours Children's Health Jacksonville, Jacksonville (N.M., M. Benson, K. Bird, K.E., J. Permuy) - both in Florida; the Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado, Aurora (R.P.W., G.F., R.S., L.H.M., E.C., V.N.S., S.P.); Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto (B.B., R.L., L.E., M.S.H., M. Basina), Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange (M.D., A. Bhangoo, N.F., H.K., F.S.), and the University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (J. Pettus, S.B.) - all in California; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (K.Z., B.H., L.O.); University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (P.R., P.C.W., A. Choudhary, J. Penn), and University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio (J.L., R.J., M.R., E.E., C.K., R.F.-P.); the University of Washington, Seattle (I.B.H., S.T.); the Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York (R.G., K.M.W., N.L.); the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (J.B.B., M.S.K., K. Bergamo, K.R.K., J.M.D., S. Machineni, L.A.Y., J.C.D.); the Henry Ford Health System, Detroit (D.K., A. Bhan, J.K.J.); Emory University, Atlanta (A.M., K.C., E.F.); Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis (J.B.M., M.S., J.M.S., S.A., A. Cedeno); Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC (F.C., S. Meighan, A.D.); and the Pritzker Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Ann and Robert Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago (J.W.-B.).
Mark DanielsThe authors' affiliations are as follows: the Diabetes Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital (S.J.R., C.A.B., J.S.S., L.E.C., M.A.H., M.T., M.S.P., M.Y.S.), and Boston University (E.R.D.), Boston, and Beta Bionics, Concord (E.R.D., F.H.E.-K.) - all in Massachusetts; the Jaeb Center for Health Research, Tampa (R.W.B., K.J.R., Z.L., P.C.), and Nemours Children's Health Jacksonville, Jacksonville (N.M., M. Benson, K. Bird, K.E., J. Permuy) - both in Florida; the Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado, Aurora (R.P.W., G.F., R.S., L.H.M., E.C., V.N.S., S.P.); Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto (B.B., R.L., L.E., M.S.H., M. Basina), Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange (M.D., A. Bhangoo, N.F., H.K., F.S.), and the University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (J. Pettus, S.B.) - all in California; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (K.Z., B.H., L.O.); University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (P.R., P.C.W., A. Choudhary, J. Penn), and University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio (J.L., R.J., M.R., E.E., C.K., R.F.-P.); the University of Washington, Seattle (I.B.H., S.T.); the Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York (R.G., K.M.W., N.L.); the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (J.B.B., M.S.K., K. Bergamo, K.R.K., J.M.D., S. Machineni, L.A.Y., J.C.D.); the Henry Ford Health System, Detroit (D.K., A. Bhan, J.K.J.); Emory University, Atlanta (A.M., K.C., E.F.); Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis (J.B.M., M.S., J.M.S., S.A., A. Cedeno); Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC (F.C., S. Meighan, A.D.); and the Pritzker Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Ann and Robert Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago (J.W.-B.).
Philip RaskinThe authors' affiliations are as follows: the Diabetes Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital (S.J.R., C.A.B., J.S.S., L.E.C., M.A.H., M.T., M.S.P., M.Y.S.), and Boston University (E.R.D.), Boston, and Beta Bionics, Concord (E.R.D., F.H.E.-K.) - all in Massachusetts; the Jaeb Center for Health Research, Tampa (R.W.B., K.J.R., Z.L., P.C.), and Nemours Children's Health Jacksonville, Jacksonville (N.M., M. Benson, K. Bird, K.E., J. Permuy) - both in Florida; the Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado, Aurora (R.P.W., G.F., R.S., L.H.M., E.C., V.N.S., S.P.); Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto (B.B., R.L., L.E., M.S.H., M. Basina), Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange (M.D., A. Bhangoo, N.F., H.K., F.S.), and the University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (J. Pettus, S.B.) - all in California; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (K.Z., B.H., L.O.); University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (P.R., P.C.W., A. Choudhary, J. Penn), and University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio (J.L., R.J., M.R., E.E., C.K., R.F.-P.); the University of Washington, Seattle (I.B.H., S.T.); the Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York (R.G., K.M.W., N.L.); the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (J.B.B., M.S.K., K. Bergamo, K.R.K., J.M.D., S. Machineni, L.A.Y., J.C.D.); the Henry Ford Health System, Detroit (D.K., A. Bhan, J.K.J.); Emory University, Atlanta (A.M., K.C., E.F.); Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis (J.B.M., M.S., J.M.S., S.A., A. Cedeno); Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC (F.C., S. Meighan, A.D.); and the Pritzker Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Ann and Robert Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago (J.W.-B.).
Perrin C WhiteThe authors' affiliations are as follows: the Diabetes Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital (S.J.R., C.A.B., J.S.S., L.E.C., M.A.H., M.T., M.S.P., M.Y.S.), and Boston University (E.R.D.), Boston, and Beta Bionics, Concord (E.R.D., F.H.E.-K.) - all in Massachusetts; the Jaeb Center for Health Research, Tampa (R.W.B., K.J.R., Z.L., P.C.), and Nemours Children's Health Jacksonville, Jacksonville (N.M., M. Benson, K. Bird, K.E., J. Permuy) - both in Florida; the Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado, Aurora (R.P.W., G.F., R.S., L.H.M., E.C., V.N.S., S.P.); Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto (B.B., R.L., L.E., M.S.H., M. Basina), Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange (M.D., A. Bhangoo, N.F., H.K., F.S.), and the University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (J. Pettus, S.B.) - all in California; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (K.Z., B.H., L.O.); University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (P.R., P.C.W., A. Choudhary, J. Penn), and University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio (J.L., R.J., M.R., E.E., C.K., R.F.-P.); the University of Washington, Seattle (I.B.H., S.T.); the Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York (R.G., K.M.W., N.L.); the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (J.B.B., M.S.K., K. Bergamo, K.R.K., J.M.D., S. Machineni, L.A.Y., J.C.D.); the Henry Ford Health System, Detroit (D.K., A. Bhan, J.K.J.); Emory University, Atlanta (A.M., K.C., E.F.); Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis (J.B.M., M.S., J.M.S., S.A., A. Cedeno); Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC (F.C., S. Meighan, A.D.); and the Pritzker Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Ann and Robert Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago (J.W.-B.).
Jane LynchThe authors' affiliations are as follows: the Diabetes Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital (S.J.R., C.A.B., J.S.S., L.E.C., M.A.H., M.T., M.S.P., M.Y.S.), and Boston University (E.R.D.), Boston, and Beta Bionics, Concord (E.R.D., F.H.E.-K.) - all in Massachusetts; the Jaeb Center for Health Research, Tampa (R.W.B., K.J.R., Z.L., P.C.), and Nemours Children's Health Jacksonville, Jacksonville (N.M., M. Benson, K. Bird, K.E., J. Permuy) - both in Florida; the Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado, Aurora (R.P.W., G.F., R.S., L.H.M., E.C., V.N.S., S.P.); Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto (B.B., R.L., L.E., M.S.H., M. Basina), Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange (M.D., A. Bhangoo, N.F., H.K., F.S.), and the University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (J. Pettus, S.B.) - all in California; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (K.Z., B.H., L.O.); University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (P.R., P.C.W., A. Choudhary, J. Penn), and University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio (J.L., R.J., M.R., E.E., C.K., R.F.-P.); the University of Washington, Seattle (I.B.H., S.T.); the Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York (R.G., K.M.W., N.L.); the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (J.B.B., M.S.K., K. Bergamo, K.R.K., J.M.D., S. Machineni, L.A.Y., J.C.D.); the Henry Ford Health System, Detroit (D.K., A. Bhan, J.K.J.); Emory University, Atlanta (A.M., K.C., E.F.); Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis (J.B.M., M.S., J.M.S., S.A., A. Cedeno); Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC (F.C., S. Meighan, A.D.); and the Pritzker Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Ann and Robert Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago (J.W.-B.).
Jeremy PettusThe authors' affiliations are as follows: the Diabetes Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital (S.J.R., C.A.B., J.S.S., L.E.C., M.A.H., M.T., M.S.P., M.Y.S.), and Boston University (E.R.D.), Boston, and Beta Bionics, Concord (E.R.D., F.H.E.-K.) - all in Massachusetts; the Jaeb Center for Health Research, Tampa (R.W.B., K.J.R., Z.L., P.C.), and Nemours Children's Health Jacksonville, Jacksonville (N.M., M. Benson, K. Bird, K.E., J. Permuy) - both in Florida; the Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado, Aurora (R.P.W., G.F., R.S., L.H.M., E.C., V.N.S., S.P.); Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto (B.B., R.L., L.E., M.S.H., M. Basina), Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange (M.D., A. Bhangoo, N.F., H.K., F.S.), and the University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (J. Pettus, S.B.) - all in California; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (K.Z., B.H., L.O.); University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (P.R., P.C.W., A. Choudhary, J. Penn), and University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio (J.L., R.J., M.R., E.E., C.K., R.F.-P.); the University of Washington, Seattle (I.B.H., S.T.); the Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York (R.G., K.M.W., N.L.); the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (J.B.B., M.S.K., K. Bergamo, K.R.K., J.M.D., S. Machineni, L.A.Y., J.C.D.); the Henry Ford Health System, Detroit (D.K., A. Bhan, J.K.J.); Emory University, Atlanta (A.M., K.C., E.F.); Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis (J.B.M., M.S., J.M.S., S.A., A. Cedeno); Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC (F.C., S. Meighan, A.D.); and the Pritzker Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Ann and Robert Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago (J.W.-B.).
Irl B HirschThe authors' affiliations are as follows: the Diabetes Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital (S.J.R., C.A.B., J.S.S., L.E.C., M.A.H., M.T., M.S.P., M.Y.S.), and Boston University (E.R.D.), Boston, and Beta Bionics, Concord (E.R.D., F.H.E.-K.) - all in Massachusetts; the Jaeb Center for Health Research, Tampa (R.W.B., K.J.R., Z.L., P.C.), and Nemours Children's Health Jacksonville, Jacksonville (N.M., M. Benson, K. Bird, K.E., J. Permuy) - both in Florida; the Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado, Aurora (R.P.W., G.F., R.S., L.H.M., E.C., V.N.S., S.P.); Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto (B.B., R.L., L.E., M.S.H., M. Basina), Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange (M.D., A. Bhangoo, N.F., H.K., F.S.), and the University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (J. Pettus, S.B.) - all in California; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (K.Z., B.H., L.O.); University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (P.R., P.C.W., A. Choudhary, J. Penn), and University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio (J.L., R.J., M.R., E.E., C.K., R.F.-P.); the University of Washington, Seattle (I.B.H., S.T.); the Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York (R.G., K.M.W., N.L.); the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (J.B.B., M.S.K., K. Bergamo, K.R.K., J.M.D., S. Machineni, L.A.Y., J.C.D.); the Henry Ford Health System, Detroit (D.K., A. Bhan, J.K.J.); Emory University, Atlanta (A.M., K.C., E.F.); Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis (J.B.M., M.S., J.M.S., S.A., A. Cedeno); Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC (F.C., S. Meighan, A.D.); and the Pritzker Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Ann and Robert Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago (J.W.-B.).
Robin GolandThe authors' affiliations are as follows: the Diabetes Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital (S.J.R., C.A.B., J.S.S., L.E.C., M.A.H., M.T., M.S.P., M.Y.S.), and Boston University (E.R.D.), Boston, and Beta Bionics, Concord (E.R.D., F.H.E.-K.) - all in Massachusetts; the Jaeb Center for Health Research, Tampa (R.W.B., K.J.R., Z.L., P.C.), and Nemours Children's Health Jacksonville, Jacksonville (N.M., M. Benson, K. Bird, K.E., J. Permuy) - both in Florida; the Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado, Aurora (R.P.W., G.F., R.S., L.H.M., E.C., V.N.S., S.P.); Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto (B.B., R.L., L.E., M.S.H., M. Basina), Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange (M.D., A. Bhangoo, N.F., H.K., F.S.), and the University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (J. Pettus, S.B.) - all in California; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (K.Z., B.H., L.O.); University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (P.R., P.C.W., A. Choudhary, J. Penn), and University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio (J.L., R.J., M.R., E.E., C.K., R.F.-P.); the University of Washington, Seattle (I.B.H., S.T.); the Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York (R.G., K.M.W., N.L.); the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (J.B.B., M.S.K., K. Bergamo, K.R.K., J.M.D., S. Machineni, L.A.Y., J.C.D.); the Henry Ford Health System, Detroit (D.K., A. Bhan, J.K.J.); Emory University, Atlanta (A.M., K.C., E.F.); Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis (J.B.M., M.S., J.M.S., S.A., A. Cedeno); Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC (F.C., S. Meighan, A.D.); and the Pritzker Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Ann and Robert Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago (J.W.-B.).
John B BuseThe authors' affiliations are as follows: the Diabetes Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital (S.J.R., C.A.B., J.S.S., L.E.C., M.A.H., M.T., M.S.P., M.Y.S.), and Boston University (E.R.D.), Boston, and Beta Bionics, Concord (E.R.D., F.H.E.-K.) - all in Massachusetts; the Jaeb Center for Health Research, Tampa (R.W.B., K.J.R., Z.L., P.C.), and Nemours Children's Health Jacksonville, Jacksonville (N.M., M. Benson, K. Bird, K.E., J. Permuy) - both in Florida; the Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado, Aurora (R.P.W., G.F., R.S., L.H.M., E.C., V.N.S., S.P.); Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto (B.B., R.L., L.E., M.S.H., M. Basina), Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange (M.D., A. Bhangoo, N.F., H.K., F.S.), and the University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (J. Pettus, S.B.) - all in California; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (K.Z., B.H., L.O.); University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (P.R., P.C.W., A. Choudhary, J. Penn), and University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio (J.L., R.J., M.R., E.E., C.K., R.F.-P.); the University of Washington, Seattle (I.B.H., S.T.); the Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York (R.G., K.M.W., N.L.); the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (J.B.B., M.S.K., K. Bergamo, K.R.K., J.M.D., S. Machineni, L.A.Y., J.C.D.); the Henry Ford Health System, Detroit (D.K., A. Bhan, J.K.J.); Emory University, Atlanta (A.M., K.C., E.F.); Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis (J.B.M., M.S., J.M.S., S.A., A. Cedeno); Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC (F.C., S. Meighan, A.D.); and the Pritzker Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Ann and Robert Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago (J.W.-B.).
Davida KrugerThe authors' affiliations are as follows: the Diabetes Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital (S.J.R., C.A.B., J.S.S., L.E.C., M.A.H., M.T., M.S.P., M.Y.S.), and Boston University (E.R.D.), Boston, and Beta Bionics, Concord (E.R.D., F.H.E.-K.) - all in Massachusetts; the Jaeb Center for Health Research, Tampa (R.W.B., K.J.R., Z.L., P.C.), and Nemours Children's Health Jacksonville, Jacksonville (N.M., M. Benson, K. Bird, K.E., J. Permuy) - both in Florida; the Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado, Aurora (R.P.W., G.F., R.S., L.H.M., E.C., V.N.S., S.P.); Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto (B.B., R.L., L.E., M.S.H., M. Basina), Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange (M.D., A. Bhangoo, N.F., H.K., F.S.), and the University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (J. Pettus, S.B.) - all in California; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (K.Z., B.H., L.O.); University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (P.R., P.C.W., A. Choudhary, J. Penn), and University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio (J.L., R.J., M.R., E.E., C.K., R.F.-P.); the University of Washington, Seattle (I.B.H., S.T.); the Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York (R.G., K.M.W., N.L.); the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (J.B.B., M.S.K., K. Bergamo, K.R.K., J.M.D., S. Machineni, L.A.Y., J.C.D.); the Henry Ford Health System, Detroit (D.K., A. Bhan, J.K.J.); Emory University, Atlanta (A.M., K.C., E.F.); Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis (J.B.M., M.S., J.M.S., S.A., A. Cedeno); Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC (F.C., S. Meighan, A.D.); and the Pritzker Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Ann and Robert Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago (J.W.-B.).
Nelly MaurasThe authors' affiliations are as follows: the Diabetes Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital (S.J.R., C.A.B., J.S.S., L.E.C., M.A.H., M.T., M.S.P., M.Y.S.), and Boston University (E.R.D.), Boston, and Beta Bionics, Concord (E.R.D., F.H.E.-K.) - all in Massachusetts; the Jaeb Center for Health Research, Tampa (R.W.B., K.J.R., Z.L., P.C.), and Nemours Children's Health Jacksonville, Jacksonville (N.M., M. Benson, K. Bird, K.E., J. Permuy) - both in Florida; the Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado, Aurora (R.P.W., G.F., R.S., L.H.M., E.C., V.N.S., S.P.); Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto (B.B., R.L., L.E., M.S.H., M. Basina), Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange (M.D., A. Bhangoo, N.F., H.K., F.S.), and the University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (J. Pettus, S.B.) - all in California; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (K.Z., B.H., L.O.); University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (P.R., P.C.W., A. Choudhary, J. Penn), and University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio (J.L., R.J., M.R., E.E., C.K., R.F.-P.); the University of Washington, Seattle (I.B.H., S.T.); the Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York (R.G., K.M.W., N.L.); the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (J.B.B., M.S.K., K. Bergamo, K.R.K., J.M.D., S. Machineni, L.A.Y., J.C.D.); the Henry Ford Health System, Detroit (D.K., A. Bhan, J.K.J.); Emory University, Atlanta (A.M., K.C., E.F.); Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis (J.B.M., M.S., J.M.S., S.A., A. Cedeno); Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC (F.C., S. Meighan, A.D.); and the Pritzker Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Ann and Robert Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago (J.W.-B.).
Andrew MuirThe authors' affiliations are as follows: the Diabetes Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital (S.J.R., C.A.B., J.S.S., L.E.C., M.A.H., M.T., M.S.P., M.Y.S.), and Boston University (E.R.D.), Boston, and Beta Bionics, Concord (E.R.D., F.H.E.-K.) - all in Massachusetts; the Jaeb Center for Health Research, Tampa (R.W.B., K.J.R., Z.L., P.C.), and Nemours Children's Health Jacksonville, Jacksonville (N.M., M. Benson, K. Bird, K.E., J. Permuy) - both in Florida; the Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado, Aurora (R.P.W., G.F., R.S., L.H.M., E.C., V.N.S., S.P.); Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto (B.B., R.L., L.E., M.S.H., M. Basina), Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange (M.D., A. Bhangoo, N.F., H.K., F.S.), and the University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (J. Pettus, S.B.) - all in California; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (K.Z., B.H., L.O.); University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (P.R., P.C.W., A. Choudhary, J. Penn), and University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio (J.L., R.J., M.R., E.E., C.K., R.F.-P.); the University of Washington, Seattle (I.B.H., S.T.); the Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York (R.G., K.M.W., N.L.); the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (J.B.B., M.S.K., K. Bergamo, K.R.K., J.M.D., S. Machineni, L.A.Y., J.C.D.); the Henry Ford Health System, Detroit (D.K., A. Bhan, J.K.J.); Emory University, Atlanta (A.M., K.C., E.F.); Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis (J.B.M., M.S., J.M.S., S.A., A. Cedeno); Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC (F.C., S. Meighan, A.D.); and the Pritzker Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Ann and Robert Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago (J.W.-B.).
Janet B McGillThe authors' affiliations are as follows: the Diabetes Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital (S.J.R., C.A.B., J.S.S., L.E.C., M.A.H., M.T., M.S.P., M.Y.S.), and Boston University (E.R.D.), Boston, and Beta Bionics, Concord (E.R.D., F.H.E.-K.) - all in Massachusetts; the Jaeb Center for Health Research, Tampa (R.W.B., K.J.R., Z.L., P.C.), and Nemours Children's Health Jacksonville, Jacksonville (N.M., M. Benson, K. Bird, K.E., J. Permuy) - both in Florida; the Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado, Aurora (R.P.W., G.F., R.S., L.H.M., E.C., V.N.S., S.P.); Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto (B.B., R.L., L.E., M.S.H., M. Basina), Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange (M.D., A. Bhangoo, N.F., H.K., F.S.), and the University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (J. Pettus, S.B.) - all in California; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (K.Z., B.H., L.O.); University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (P.R., P.C.W., A. Choudhary, J. Penn), and University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio (J.L., R.J., M.R., E.E., C.K., R.F.-P.); the University of Washington, Seattle (I.B.H., S.T.); the Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York (R.G., K.M.W., N.L.); the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (J.B.B., M.S.K., K. Bergamo, K.R.K., J.M.D., S. Machineni, L.A.Y., J.C.D.); the Henry Ford Health System, Detroit (D.K., A. Bhan, J.K.J.); Emory University, Atlanta (A.M., K.C., E.F.); Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis (J.B.M., M.S., J.M.S., S.A., A. Cedeno); Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC (F.C., S. Meighan, A.D.); and the Pritzker Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Ann and Robert Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago (J.W.-B.).
Fran CogenThe authors' affiliations are as follows: the Diabetes Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital (S.J.R., C.A.B., J.S.S., L.E.C., M.A.H., M.T., M.S.P., M.Y.S.), and Boston University (E.R.D.), Boston, and Beta Bionics, Concord (E.R.D., F.H.E.-K.) - all in Massachusetts; the Jaeb Center for Health Research, Tampa (R.W.B., K.J.R., Z.L., P.C.), and Nemours Children's Health Jacksonville, Jacksonville (N.M., M. Benson, K. Bird, K.E., J. Permuy) - both in Florida; the Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado, Aurora (R.P.W., G.F., R.S., L.H.M., E.C., V.N.S., S.P.); Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto (B.B., R.L., L.E., M.S.H., M. Basina), Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange (M.D., A. Bhangoo, N.F., H.K., F.S.), and the University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (J. Pettus, S.B.) - all in California; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (K.Z., B.H., L.O.); University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (P.R., P.C.W., A. Choudhary, J. Penn), and University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio (J.L., R.J., M.R., E.E., C.K., R.F.-P.); the University of Washington, Seattle (I.B.H., S.T.); the Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York (R.G., K.M.W., N.L.); the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (J.B.B., M.S.K., K. Bergamo, K.R.K., J.M.D., S. Machineni, L.A.Y., J.C.D.); the Henry Ford Health System, Detroit (D.K., A. Bhan, J.K.J.); Emory University, Atlanta (A.M., K.C., E.F.); Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis (J.B.M., M.S., J.M.S., S.A., A. Cedeno); Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC (F.C., S. Meighan, A.D.); and the Pritzker Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Ann and Robert Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago (J.W.-B.).
Jill Weissberg-BenchellThe authors' affiliations are as follows: the Diabetes Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital (S.J.R., C.A.B., J.S.S., L.E.C., M.A.H., M.T., M.S.P., M.Y.S.), and Boston University (E.R.D.), Boston, and Beta Bionics, Concord (E.R.D., F.H.E.-K.) - all in Massachusetts; the Jaeb Center for Health Research, Tampa (R.W.B., K.J.R., Z.L., P.C.), and Nemours Children's Health Jacksonville, Jacksonville (N.M., M. Benson, K. Bird, K.E., J. Permuy) - both in Florida; the Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado, Aurora (R.P.W., G.F., R.S., L.H.M., E.C., V.N.S., S.P.); Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto (B.B., R.L., L.E., M.S.H., M. Basina), Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange (M.D., A. Bhangoo, N.F., H.K., F.S.), and the University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (J. Pettus, S.B.) - all in California; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (K.Z., B.H., L.O.); University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (P.R., P.C.W., A. Choudhary, J. Penn), and University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio (J.L., R.J., M.R., E.E., C.K., R.F.-P.); the University of Washington, Seattle (I.B.H., S.T.); the Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York (R.G., K.M.W., N.L.); the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (J.B.B., M.S.K., K. Bergamo, K.R.K., J.M.D., S. Machineni, L.A.Y., J.C.D.); the Henry Ford Health System, Detroit (D.K., A. Bhan, J.K.J.); Emory University, Atlanta (A.M., K.C., E.F.); Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis (J.B.M., M.S., J.M.S., S.A., A. Cedeno); Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC (F.C., S. Meighan, A.D.); and the Pritzker Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Ann and Robert Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago (J.W.-B.).
Jordan S SherwoodThe authors' affiliations are as follows: the Diabetes Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital (S.J.R., C.A.B., J.S.S., L.E.C., M.A.H., M.T., M.S.P., M.Y.S.), and Boston University (E.R.D.), Boston, and Beta Bionics, Concord (E.R.D., F.H.E.-K.) - all in Massachusetts; the Jaeb Center for Health Research, Tampa (R.W.B., K.J.R., Z.L., P.C.), and Nemours Children's Health Jacksonville, Jacksonville (N.M., M. Benson, K. Bird, K.E., J. Permuy) - both in Florida; the Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado, Aurora (R.P.W., G.F., R.S., L.H.M., E.C., V.N.S., S.P.); Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto (B.B., R.L., L.E., M.S.H., M. Basina), Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange (M.D., A. Bhangoo, N.F., H.K., F.S.), and the University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (J. Pettus, S.B.) - all in California; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (K.Z., B.H., L.O.); University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (P.R., P.C.W., A. Choudhary, J. Penn), and University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio (J.L., R.J., M.R., E.E., C.K., R.F.-P.); the University of Washington, Seattle (I.B.H., S.T.); the Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York (R.G., K.M.W., N.L.); the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (J.B.B., M.S.K., K. Bergamo, K.R.K., J.M.D., S. Machineni, L.A.Y., J.C.D.); the Henry Ford Health System, Detroit (D.K., A. Bhan, J.K.J.); Emory University, Atlanta (A.M., K.C., E.F.); Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis (J.B.M., M.S., J.M.S., S.A., A. Cedeno); Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC (F.C., S. Meighan, A.D.); and the Pritzker Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Ann and Robert Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago (J.W.-B.).
Luz E CastellanosThe authors' affiliations are as follows: the Diabetes Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital (S.J.R., C.A.B., J.S.S., L.E.C., M.A.H., M.T., M.S.P., M.Y.S.), and Boston University (E.R.D.), Boston, and Beta Bionics, Concord (E.R.D., F.H.E.-K.) - all in Massachusetts; the Jaeb Center for Health Research, Tampa (R.W.B., K.J.R., Z.L., P.C.), and Nemours Children's Health Jacksonville, Jacksonville (N.M., M. Benson, K. Bird, K.E., J. Permuy) - both in Florida; the Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado, Aurora (R.P.W., G.F., R.S., L.H.M., E.C., V.N.S., S.P.); Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto (B.B., R.L., L.E., M.S.H., M. Basina), Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange (M.D., A. Bhangoo, N.F., H.K., F.S.), and the University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (J. Pettus, S.B.) - all in California; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (K.Z., B.H., L.O.); University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (P.R., P.C.W., A. Choudhary, J. Penn), and University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio (J.L., R.J., M.R., E.E., C.K., R.F.-P.); the University of Washington, Seattle (I.B.H., S.T.); the Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York (R.G., K.M.W., N.L.); the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (J.B.B., M.S.K., K. Bergamo, K.R.K., J.M.D., S. Machineni, L.A.Y., J.C.D.); the Henry Ford Health System, Detroit (D.K., A. Bhan, J.K.J.); Emory University, Atlanta (A.M., K.C., E.F.); Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis (J.B.M., M.S., J.M.S., S.A., A. Cedeno); Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC (F.C., S. Meighan, A.D.); and the Pritzker Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Ann and Robert Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago (J.W.-B.).
Mallory A HillardThe authors' affiliations are as follows: the Diabetes Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital (S.J.R., C.A.B., J.S.S., L.E.C., M.A.H., M.T., M.S.P., M.Y.S.), and Boston University (E.R.D.), Boston, and Beta Bionics, Concord (E.R.D., F.H.E.-K.) - all in Massachusetts; the Jaeb Center for Health Research, Tampa (R.W.B., K.J.R., Z.L., P.C.), and Nemours Children's Health Jacksonville, Jacksonville (N.M., M. Benson, K. Bird, K.E., J. Permuy) - both in Florida; the Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado, Aurora (R.P.W., G.F., R.S., L.H.M., E.C., V.N.S., S.P.); Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto (B.B., R.L., L.E., M.S.H., M. Basina), Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange (M.D., A. Bhangoo, N.F., H.K., F.S.), and the University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (J. Pettus, S.B.) - all in California; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (K.Z., B.H., L.O.); University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (P.R., P.C.W., A. Choudhary, J. Penn), and University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio (J.L., R.J., M.R., E.E., C.K., R.F.-P.); the University of Washington, Seattle (I.B.H., S.T.); the Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York (R.G., K.M.W., N.L.); the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (J.B.B., M.S.K., K. Bergamo, K.R.K., J.M.D., S. Machineni, L.A.Y., J.C.D.); the Henry Ford Health System, Detroit (D.K., A. Bhan, J.K.J.); Emory University, Atlanta (A.M., K.C., E.F.); Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis (J.B.M., M.S., J.M.S., S.A., A. Cedeno); Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC (F.C., S. Meighan, A.D.); and the Pritzker Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Ann and Robert Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago (J.W.-B.).
Marwa TuffahaThe authors' affiliations are as follows: the Diabetes Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital (S.J.R., C.A.B., J.S.S., L.E.C., M.A.H., M.T., M.S.P., M.Y.S.), and Boston University (E.R.D.), Boston, and Beta Bionics, Concord (E.R.D., F.H.E.-K.) - all in Massachusetts; the Jaeb Center for Health Research, Tampa (R.W.B., K.J.R., Z.L., P.C.), and Nemours Children's Health Jacksonville, Jacksonville (N.M., M. Benson, K. Bird, K.E., J. Permuy) - both in Florida; the Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado, Aurora (R.P.W., G.F., R.S., L.H.M., E.C., V.N.S., S.P.); Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto (B.B., R.L., L.E., M.S.H., M. Basina), Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange (M.D., A. Bhangoo, N.F., H.K., F.S.), and the University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (J. Pettus, S.B.) - all in California; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (K.Z., B.H., L.O.); University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (P.R., P.C.W., A. Choudhary, J. Penn), and University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio (J.L., R.J., M.R., E.E., C.K., R.F.-P.); the University of Washington, Seattle (I.B.H., S.T.); the Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York (R.G., K.M.W., N.L.); the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (J.B.B., M.S.K., K. Bergamo, K.R.K., J.M.D., S. Machineni, L.A.Y., J.C.D.); the Henry Ford Health System, Detroit (D.K., A. Bhan, J.K.J.); Emory University, Atlanta (A.M., K.C., E.F.); Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis (J.B.M., M.S., J.M.S., S.A., A. Cedeno); Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC (F.C., S. Meighan, A.D.); and the Pritzker Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Ann and Robert Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago (J.W.-B.).
Melissa S PutmanThe authors' affiliations are as follows: the Diabetes Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital (S.J.R., C.A.B., J.S.S., L.E.C., M.A.H., M.T., M.S.P., M.Y.S.), and Boston University (E.R.D.), Boston, and Beta Bionics, Concord (E.R.D., F.H.E.-K.) - all in Massachusetts; the Jaeb Center for Health Research, Tampa (R.W.B., K.J.R., Z.L., P.C.), and Nemours Children's Health Jacksonville, Jacksonville (N.M., M. Benson, K. Bird, K.E., J. Permuy) - both in Florida; the Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado, Aurora (R.P.W., G.F., R.S., L.H.M., E.C., V.N.S., S.P.); Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto (B.B., R.L., L.E., M.S.H., M. Basina), Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange (M.D., A. Bhangoo, N.F., H.K., F.S.), and the University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (J. Pettus, S.B.) - all in California; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (K.Z., B.H., L.O.); University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (P.R., P.C.W., A. Choudhary, J. Penn), and University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio (J.L., R.J., M.R., E.E., C.K., R.F.-P.); the University of Washington, Seattle (I.B.H., S.T.); the Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York (R.G., K.M.W., N.L.); the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (J.B.B., M.S.K., K. Bergamo, K.R.K., J.M.D., S. Machineni, L.A.Y., J.C.D.); the Henry Ford Health System, Detroit (D.K., A. Bhan, J.K.J.); Emory University, Atlanta (A.M., K.C., E.F.); Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis (J.B.M., M.S., J.M.S., S.A., A. Cedeno); Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC (F.C., S. Meighan, A.D.); and the Pritzker Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Ann and Robert Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago (J.W.-B.).
Mollie Y SandsThe authors' affiliations are as follows: the Diabetes Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital (S.J.R., C.A.B., J.S.S., L.E.C., M.A.H., M.T., M.S.P., M.Y.S.), and Boston University (E.R.D.), Boston, and Beta Bionics, Concord (E.R.D., F.H.E.-K.) - all in Massachusetts; the Jaeb Center for Health Research, Tampa (R.W.B., K.J.R., Z.L., P.C.), and Nemours Children's Health Jacksonville, Jacksonville (N.M., M. Benson, K. Bird, K.E., J. Permuy) - both in Florida; the Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado, Aurora (R.P.W., G.F., R.S., L.H.M., E.C., V.N.S., S.P.); Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto (B.B., R.L., L.E., M.S.H., M. Basina), Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange (M.D., A. Bhangoo, N.F., H.K., F.S.), and the University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (J. Pettus, S.B.) - all in California; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (K.Z., B.H., L.O.); University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (P.R., P.C.W., A. Choudhary, J. Penn), and University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio (J.L., R.J., M.R., E.E., C.K., R.F.-P.); the University of Washington, Seattle (I.B.H., S.T.); the Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York (R.G., K.M.W., N.L.); the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (J.B.B., M.S.K., K. Bergamo, K.R.K., J.M.D., S. Machineni, L.A.Y., J.C.D.); the Henry Ford Health System, Detroit (D.K., A. Bhan, J.K.J.); Emory University, Atlanta (A.M., K.C., E.F.); Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis (J.B.M., M.S., J.M.S., S.A., A. Cedeno); Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC (F.C., S. Meighan, A.D.); and the Pritzker Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Ann and Robert Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago (J.W.-B.).
Gregory ForlenzaThe authors' affiliations are as follows: the Diabetes Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital (S.J.R., C.A.B., J.S.S., L.E.C., M.A.H., M.T., M.S.P., M.Y.S.), and Boston University (E.R.D.), Boston, and Beta Bionics, Concord (E.R.D., F.H.E.-K.) - all in Massachusetts; the Jaeb Center for Health Research, Tampa (R.W.B., K.J.R., Z.L., P.C.), and Nemours Children's Health Jacksonville, Jacksonville (N.M., M. Benson, K. Bird, K.E., J. Permuy) - both in Florida; the Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado, Aurora (R.P.W., G.F., R.S., L.H.M., E.C., V.N.S., S.P.); Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto (B.B., R.L., L.E., M.S.H., M. Basina), Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange (M.D., A. Bhangoo, N.F., H.K., F.S.), and the University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (J. Pettus, S.B.) - all in California; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (K.Z., B.H., L.O.); University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (P.R., P.C.W., A. Choudhary, J. Penn), and University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio (J.L., R.J., M.R., E.E., C.K., R.F.-P.); the University of Washington, Seattle (I.B.H., S.T.); the Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York (R.G., K.M.W., N.L.); the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (J.B.B., M.S.K., K. Bergamo, K.R.K., J.M.D., S. Machineni, L.A.Y., J.C.D.); the Henry Ford Health System, Detroit (D.K., A. Bhan, J.K.J.); Emory University, Atlanta (A.M., K.C., E.F.); Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis (J.B.M., M.S., J.M.S., S.A., A. Cedeno); Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC (F.C., S. Meighan, A.D.); and the Pritzker Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Ann and Robert Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago (J.W.-B.).
Robert SloverThe authors' affiliations are as follows: the Diabetes Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital (S.J.R., C.A.B., J.S.S., L.E.C., M.A.H., M.T., M.S.P., M.Y.S.), and Boston University (E.R.D.), Boston, and Beta Bionics, Concord (E.R.D., F.H.E.-K.) - all in Massachusetts; the Jaeb Center for Health Research, Tampa (R.W.B., K.J.R., Z.L., P.C.), and Nemours Children's Health Jacksonville, Jacksonville (N.M., M. Benson, K. Bird, K.E., J. Permuy) - both in Florida; the Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado, Aurora (R.P.W., G.F., R.S., L.H.M., E.C., V.N.S., S.P.); Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto (B.B., R.L., L.E., M.S.H., M. Basina), Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange (M.D., A. Bhangoo, N.F., H.K., F.S.), and the University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (J. Pettus, S.B.) - all in California; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (K.Z., B.H., L.O.); University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (P.R., P.C.W., A. Choudhary, J. Penn), and University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio (J.L., R.J., M.R., E.E., C.K., R.F.-P.); the University of Washington, Seattle (I.B.H., S.T.); the Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York (R.G., K.M.W., N.L.); the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (J.B.B., M.S.K., K. Bergamo, K.R.K., J.M.D., S. Machineni, L.A.Y., J.C.D.); the Henry Ford Health System, Detroit (D.K., A. Bhan, J.K.J.); Emory University, Atlanta (A.M., K.C., E.F.); Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis (J.B.M., M.S., J.M.S., S.A., A. Cedeno); Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC (F.C., S. Meighan, A.D.); and the Pritzker Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Ann and Robert Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago (J.W.-B.).
Laurel H MesserThe authors' affiliations are as follows: the Diabetes Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital (S.J.R., C.A.B., J.S.S., L.E.C., M.A.H., M.T., M.S.P., M.Y.S.), and Boston University (E.R.D.), Boston, and Beta Bionics, Concord (E.R.D., F.H.E.-K.) - all in Massachusetts; the Jaeb Center for Health Research, Tampa (R.W.B., K.J.R., Z.L., P.C.), and Nemours Children's Health Jacksonville, Jacksonville (N.M., M. Benson, K. Bird, K.E., J. Permuy) - both in Florida; the Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado, Aurora (R.P.W., G.F., R.S., L.H.M., E.C., V.N.S., S.P.); Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto (B.B., R.L., L.E., M.S.H., M. Basina), Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange (M.D., A. Bhangoo, N.F., H.K., F.S.), and the University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (J. Pettus, S.B.) - all in California; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (K.Z., B.H., L.O.); University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (P.R., P.C.W., A. Choudhary, J. Penn), and University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio (J.L., R.J., M.R., E.E., C.K., R.F.-P.); the University of Washington, Seattle (I.B.H., S.T.); the Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York (R.G., K.M.W., N.L.); the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (J.B.B., M.S.K., K. Bergamo, K.R.K., J.M.D., S. Machineni, L.A.Y., J.C.D.); the Henry Ford Health System, Detroit (D.K., A. Bhan, J.K.J.); Emory University, Atlanta (A.M., K.C., E.F.); Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis (J.B.M., M.S., J.M.S., S.A., A. Cedeno); Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC (F.C., S. Meighan, A.D.); and the Pritzker Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Ann and Robert Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago (J.W.-B.).
Erin CobryThe authors' affiliations are as follows: the Diabetes Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital (S.J.R., C.A.B., J.S.S., L.E.C., M.A.H., M.T., M.S.P., M.Y.S.), and Boston University (E.R.D.), Boston, and Beta Bionics, Concord (E.R.D., F.H.E.-K.) - all in Massachusetts; the Jaeb Center for Health Research, Tampa (R.W.B., K.J.R., Z.L., P.C.), and Nemours Children's Health Jacksonville, Jacksonville (N.M., M. Benson, K. Bird, K.E., J. Permuy) - both in Florida; the Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado, Aurora (R.P.W., G.F., R.S., L.H.M., E.C., V.N.S., S.P.); Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto (B.B., R.L., L.E., M.S.H., M. Basina), Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange (M.D., A. Bhangoo, N.F., H.K., F.S.), and the University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (J. Pettus, S.B.) - all in California; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (K.Z., B.H., L.O.); University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (P.R., P.C.W., A. Choudhary, J. Penn), and University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio (J.L., R.J., M.R., E.E., C.K., R.F.-P.); the University of Washington, Seattle (I.B.H., S.T.); the Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York (R.G., K.M.W., N.L.); the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (J.B.B., M.S.K., K. Bergamo, K.R.K., J.M.D., S. Machineni, L.A.Y., J.C.D.); the Henry Ford Health System, Detroit (D.K., A. Bhan, J.K.J.); Emory University, Atlanta (A.M., K.C., E.F.); Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis (J.B.M., M.S., J.M.S., S.A., A. Cedeno); Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC (F.C., S. Meighan, A.D.); and the Pritzker Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Ann and Robert Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago (J.W.-B.).
Viral N ShahThe authors' affiliations are as follows: the Diabetes Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital (S.J.R., C.A.B., J.S.S., L.E.C., M.A.H., M.T., M.S.P., M.Y.S.), and Boston University (E.R.D.), Boston, and Beta Bionics, Concord (E.R.D., F.H.E.-K.) - all in Massachusetts; the Jaeb Center for Health Research, Tampa (R.W.B., K.J.R., Z.L., P.C.), and Nemours Children's Health Jacksonville, Jacksonville (N.M., M. Benson, K. Bird, K.E., J. Permuy) - both in Florida; the Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado, Aurora (R.P.W., G.F., R.S., L.H.M., E.C., V.N.S., S.P.); Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto (B.B., R.L., L.E., M.S.H., M. Basina), Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange (M.D., A. Bhangoo, N.F., H.K., F.S.), and the University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (J. Pettus, S.B.) - all in California; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (K.Z., B.H., L.O.); University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (P.R., P.C.W., A. Choudhary, J. Penn), and University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio (J.L., R.J., M.R., E.E., C.K., R.F.-P.); the University of Washington, Seattle (I.B.H., S.T.); the Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York (R.G., K.M.W., N.L.); the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (J.B.B., M.S.K., K. Bergamo, K.R.K., J.M.D., S. Machineni, L.A.Y., J.C.D.); the Henry Ford Health System, Detroit (D.K., A. Bhan, J.K.J.); Emory University, Atlanta (A.M., K.C., E.F.); Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis (J.B.M., M.S., J.M.S., S.A., A. Cedeno); Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC (F.C., S. Meighan, A.D.); and the Pritzker Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Ann and Robert Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago (J.W.-B.).ORCID 0000-0002-3827-7107
Sarit PolskyThe authors' affiliations are as follows: the Diabetes Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital (S.J.R., C.A.B., J.S.S., L.E.C., M.A.H., M.T., M.S.P., M.Y.S.), and Boston University (E.R.D.), Boston, and Beta Bionics, Concord (E.R.D., F.H.E.-K.) - all in Massachusetts; the Jaeb Center for Health Research, Tampa (R.W.B., K.J.R., Z.L., P.C.), and Nemours Children's Health Jacksonville, Jacksonville (N.M., M. Benson, K. Bird, K.E., J. Permuy) - both in Florida; the Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado, Aurora (R.P.W., G.F., R.S., L.H.M., E.C., V.N.S., S.P.); Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto (B.B., R.L., L.E., M.S.H., M. Basina), Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange (M.D., A. Bhangoo, N.F., H.K., F.S.), and the University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (J. Pettus, S.B.) - all in California; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (K.Z., B.H., L.O.); University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (P.R., P.C.W., A. Choudhary, J. Penn), and University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio (J.L., R.J., M.R., E.E., C.K., R.F.-P.); the University of Washington, Seattle (I.B.H., S.T.); the Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York (R.G., K.M.W., N.L.); the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (J.B.B., M.S.K., K. Bergamo, K.R.K., J.M.D., S. Machineni, L.A.Y., J.C.D.); the Henry Ford Health System, Detroit (D.K., A. Bhan, J.K.J.); Emory University, Atlanta (A.M., K.C., E.F.); Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis (J.B.M., M.S., J.M.S., S.A., A. Cedeno); Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC (F.C., S. Meighan, A.D.); and the Pritzker Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Ann and Robert Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago (J.W.-B.).
Rayhan LalThe authors' affiliations are as follows: the Diabetes Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital (S.J.R., C.A.B., J.S.S., L.E.C., M.A.H., M.T., M.S.P., M.Y.S.), and Boston University (E.R.D.), Boston, and Beta Bionics, Concord (E.R.D., F.H.E.-K.) - all in Massachusetts; the Jaeb Center for Health Research, Tampa (R.W.B., K.J.R., Z.L., P.C.), and Nemours Children's Health Jacksonville, Jacksonville (N.M., M. Benson, K. Bird, K.E., J. Permuy) - both in Florida; the Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado, Aurora (R.P.W., G.F., R.S., L.H.M., E.C., V.N.S., S.P.); Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto (B.B., R.L., L.E., M.S.H., M. Basina), Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange (M.D., A. Bhangoo, N.F., H.K., F.S.), and the University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (J. Pettus, S.B.) - all in California; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (K.Z., B.H., L.O.); University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (P.R., P.C.W., A. Choudhary, J. Penn), and University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio (J.L., R.J., M.R., E.E., C.K., R.F.-P.); the University of Washington, Seattle (I.B.H., S.T.); the Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York (R.G., K.M.W., N.L.); the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (J.B.B., M.S.K., K. Bergamo, K.R.K., J.M.D., S. Machineni, L.A.Y., J.C.D.); the Henry Ford Health System, Detroit (D.K., A. Bhan, J.K.J.); Emory University, Atlanta (A.M., K.C., E.F.); Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis (J.B.M., M.S., J.M.S., S.A., A. Cedeno); Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC (F.C., S. Meighan, A.D.); and the Pritzker Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Ann and Robert Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago (J.W.-B.).
Laya EkhlaspourThe authors' affiliations are as follows: the Diabetes Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital (S.J.R., C.A.B., J.S.S., L.E.C., M.A.H., M.T., M.S.P., M.Y.S.), and Boston University (E.R.D.), Boston, and Beta Bionics, Concord (E.R.D., F.H.E.-K.) - all in Massachusetts; the Jaeb Center for Health Research, Tampa (R.W.B., K.J.R., Z.L., P.C.), and Nemours Children's Health Jacksonville, Jacksonville (N.M., M. Benson, K. Bird, K.E., J. Permuy) - both in Florida; the Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado, Aurora (R.P.W., G.F., R.S., L.H.M., E.C., V.N.S., S.P.); Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto (B.B., R.L., L.E., M.S.H., M. Basina), Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange (M.D., A. Bhangoo, N.F., H.K., F.S.), and the University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (J. Pettus, S.B.) - all in California; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (K.Z., B.H., L.O.); University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (P.R., P.C.W., A. Choudhary, J. Penn), and University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio (J.L., R.J., M.R., E.E., C.K., R.F.-P.); the University of Washington, Seattle (I.B.H., S.T.); the Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York (R.G., K.M.W., N.L.); the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (J.B.B., M.S.K., K. Bergamo, K.R.K., J.M.D., S. Machineni, L.A.Y., J.C.D.); the Henry Ford Health System, Detroit (D.K., A. Bhan, J.K.J.); Emory University, Atlanta (A.M., K.C., E.F.); Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis (J.B.M., M.S., J.M.S., S.A., A. Cedeno); Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC (F.C., S. Meighan, A.D.); and the Pritzker Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Ann and Robert Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago (J.W.-B.).
Michael S HughesThe authors' affiliations are as follows: the Diabetes Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital (S.J.R., C.A.B., J.S.S., L.E.C., M.A.H., M.T., M.S.P., M.Y.S.), and Boston University (E.R.D.), Boston, and Beta Bionics, Concord (E.R.D., F.H.E.-K.) - all in Massachusetts; the Jaeb Center for Health Research, Tampa (R.W.B., K.J.R., Z.L., P.C.), and Nemours Children's Health Jacksonville, Jacksonville (N.M., M. Benson, K. Bird, K.E., J. Permuy) - both in Florida; the Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado, Aurora (R.P.W., G.F., R.S., L.H.M., E.C., V.N.S., S.P.); Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto (B.B., R.L., L.E., M.S.H., M. Basina), Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange (M.D., A. Bhangoo, N.F., H.K., F.S.), and the University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (J. Pettus, S.B.) - all in California; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (K.Z., B.H., L.O.); University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (P.R., P.C.W., A. Choudhary, J. Penn), and University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio (J.L., R.J., M.R., E.E., C.K., R.F.-P.); the University of Washington, Seattle (I.B.H., S.T.); the Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York (R.G., K.M.W., N.L.); the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (J.B.B., M.S.K., K. Bergamo, K.R.K., J.M.D., S. Machineni, L.A.Y., J.C.D.); the Henry Ford Health System, Detroit (D.K., A. Bhan, J.K.J.); Emory University, Atlanta (A.M., K.C., E.F.); Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis (J.B.M., M.S., J.M.S., S.A., A. Cedeno); Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC (F.C., S. Meighan, A.D.); and the Pritzker Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Ann and Robert Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago (J.W.-B.).
Marina BasinaThe authors' affiliations are as follows: the Diabetes Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital (S.J.R., C.A.B., J.S.S., L.E.C., M.A.H., M.T., M.S.P., M.Y.S.), and Boston University (E.R.D.), Boston, and Beta Bionics, Concord (E.R.D., F.H.E.-K.) - all in Massachusetts; the Jaeb Center for Health Research, Tampa (R.W.B., K.J.R., Z.L., P.C.), and Nemours Children's Health Jacksonville, Jacksonville (N.M., M. Benson, K. Bird, K.E., J. Permuy) - both in Florida; the Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado, Aurora (R.P.W., G.F., R.S., L.H.M., E.C., V.N.S., S.P.); Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto (B.B., R.L., L.E., M.S.H., M. Basina), Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange (M.D., A. Bhangoo, N.F., H.K., F.S.), and the University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (J. Pettus, S.B.) - all in California; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (K.Z., B.H., L.O.); University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (P.R., P.C.W., A. Choudhary, J. Penn), and University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio (J.L., R.J., M.R., E.E., C.K., R.F.-P.); the University of Washington, Seattle (I.B.H., S.T.); the Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York (R.G., K.M.W., N.L.); the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (J.B.B., M.S.K., K. Bergamo, K.R.K., J.M.D., S. Machineni, L.A.Y., J.C.D.); the Henry Ford Health System, Detroit (D.K., A. Bhan, J.K.J.); Emory University, Atlanta (A.M., K.C., E.F.); Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis (J.B.M., M.S., J.M.S., S.A., A. Cedeno); Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC (F.C., S. Meighan, A.D.); and the Pritzker Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Ann and Robert Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago (J.W.-B.).
Betul HatipogluThe authors' affiliations are as follows: the Diabetes Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital (S.J.R., C.A.B., J.S.S., L.E.C., M.A.H., M.T., M.S.P., M.Y.S.), and Boston University (E.R.D.), Boston, and Beta Bionics, Concord (E.R.D., F.H.E.-K.) - all in Massachusetts; the Jaeb Center for Health Research, Tampa (R.W.B., K.J.R., Z.L., P.C.), and Nemours Children's Health Jacksonville, Jacksonville (N.M., M. Benson, K. Bird, K.E., J. Permuy) - both in Florida; the Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado, Aurora (R.P.W., G.F., R.S., L.H.M., E.C., V.N.S., S.P.); Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto (B.B., R.L., L.E., M.S.H., M. Basina), Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange (M.D., A. Bhangoo, N.F., H.K., F.S.), and the University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (J. Pettus, S.B.) - all in California; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (K.Z., B.H., L.O.); University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (P.R., P.C.W., A. Choudhary, J. Penn), and University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio (J.L., R.J., M.R., E.E., C.K., R.F.-P.); the University of Washington, Seattle (I.B.H., S.T.); the Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York (R.G., K.M.W., N.L.); the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (J.B.B., M.S.K., K. Bergamo, K.R.K., J.M.D., S. Machineni, L.A.Y., J.C.D.); the Henry Ford Health System, Detroit (D.K., A. Bhan, J.K.J.); Emory University, Atlanta (A.M., K.C., E.F.); Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis (J.B.M., M.S., J.M.S., S.A., A. Cedeno); Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC (F.C., S. Meighan, A.D.); and the Pritzker Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Ann and Robert Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago (J.W.-B.).
Leann OlanskyThe authors' affiliations are as follows: the Diabetes Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital (S.J.R., C.A.B., J.S.S., L.E.C., M.A.H., M.T., M.S.P., M.Y.S.), and Boston University (E.R.D.), Boston, and Beta Bionics, Concord (E.R.D., F.H.E.-K.) - all in Massachusetts; the Jaeb Center for Health Research, Tampa (R.W.B., K.J.R., Z.L., P.C.), and Nemours Children's Health Jacksonville, Jacksonville (N.M., M. Benson, K. Bird, K.E., J. Permuy) - both in Florida; the Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado, Aurora (R.P.W., G.F., R.S., L.H.M., E.C., V.N.S., S.P.); Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto (B.B., R.L., L.E., M.S.H., M. Basina), Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange (M.D., A. Bhangoo, N.F., H.K., F.S.), and the University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (J. Pettus, S.B.) - all in California; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (K.Z., B.H., L.O.); University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (P.R., P.C.W., A. Choudhary, J. Penn), and University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio (J.L., R.J., M.R., E.E., C.K., R.F.-P.); the University of Washington, Seattle (I.B.H., S.T.); the Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York (R.G., K.M.W., N.L.); the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (J.B.B., M.S.K., K. Bergamo, K.R.K., J.M.D., S. Machineni, L.A.Y., J.C.D.); the Henry Ford Health System, Detroit (D.K., A. Bhan, J.K.J.); Emory University, Atlanta (A.M., K.C., E.F.); Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis (J.B.M., M.S., J.M.S., S.A., A. Cedeno); Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC (F.C., S. Meighan, A.D.); and the Pritzker Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Ann and Robert Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago (J.W.-B.).
Amrit BhangooThe authors' affiliations are as follows: the Diabetes Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital (S.J.R., C.A.B., J.S.S., L.E.C., M.A.H., M.T., M.S.P., M.Y.S.), and Boston University (E.R.D.), Boston, and Beta Bionics, Concord (E.R.D., F.H.E.-K.) - all in Massachusetts; the Jaeb Center for Health Research, Tampa (R.W.B., K.J.R., Z.L., P.C.), and Nemours Children's Health Jacksonville, Jacksonville (N.M., M. Benson, K. Bird, K.E., J. Permuy) - both in Florida; the Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado, Aurora (R.P.W., G.F., R.S., L.H.M., E.C., V.N.S., S.P.); Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto (B.B., R.L., L.E., M.S.H., M. Basina), Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange (M.D., A. Bhangoo, N.F., H.K., F.S.), and the University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (J. Pettus, S.B.) - all in California; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (K.Z., B.H., L.O.); University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (P.R., P.C.W., A. Choudhary, J. Penn), and University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio (J.L., R.J., M.R., E.E., C.K., R.F.-P.); the University of Washington, Seattle (I.B.H., S.T.); the Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York (R.G., K.M.W., N.L.); the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (J.B.B., M.S.K., K. Bergamo, K.R.K., J.M.D., S. Machineni, L.A.Y., J.C.D.); the Henry Ford Health System, Detroit (D.K., A. Bhan, J.K.J.); Emory University, Atlanta (A.M., K.C., E.F.); Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis (J.B.M., M.S., J.M.S., S.A., A. Cedeno); Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC (F.C., S. Meighan, A.D.); and the Pritzker Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Ann and Robert Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago (J.W.-B.).
Nikta ForghaniThe authors' affiliations are as follows: the Diabetes Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital (S.J.R., C.A.B., J.S.S., L.E.C., M.A.H., M.T., M.S.P., M.Y.S.), and Boston University (E.R.D.), Boston, and Beta Bionics, Concord (E.R.D., F.H.E.-K.) - all in Massachusetts; the Jaeb Center for Health Research, Tampa (R.W.B., K.J.R., Z.L., P.C.), and Nemours Children's Health Jacksonville, Jacksonville (N.M., M. Benson, K. Bird, K.E., J. Permuy) - both in Florida; the Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado, Aurora (R.P.W., G.F., R.S., L.H.M., E.C., V.N.S., S.P.); Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto (B.B., R.L., L.E., M.S.H., M. Basina), Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange (M.D., A. Bhangoo, N.F., H.K., F.S.), and the University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (J. Pettus, S.B.) - all in California; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (K.Z., B.H., L.O.); University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (P.R., P.C.W., A. Choudhary, J. Penn), and University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio (J.L., R.J., M.R., E.E., C.K., R.F.-P.); the University of Washington, Seattle (I.B.H., S.T.); the Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York (R.G., K.M.W., N.L.); the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (J.B.B., M.S.K., K. Bergamo, K.R.K., J.M.D., S. Machineni, L.A.Y., J.C.D.); the Henry Ford Health System, Detroit (D.K., A. Bhan, J.K.J.); Emory University, Atlanta (A.M., K.C., E.F.); Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis (J.B.M., M.S., J.M.S., S.A., A. Cedeno); Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC (F.C., S. Meighan, A.D.); and the Pritzker Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Ann and Robert Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago (J.W.-B.).
Himala KashmiriThe authors' affiliations are as follows: the Diabetes Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital (S.J.R., C.A.B., J.S.S., L.E.C., M.A.H., M.T., M.S.P., M.Y.S.), and Boston University (E.R.D.), Boston, and Beta Bionics, Concord (E.R.D., F.H.E.-K.) - all in Massachusetts; the Jaeb Center for Health Research, Tampa (R.W.B., K.J.R., Z.L., P.C.), and Nemours Children's Health Jacksonville, Jacksonville (N.M., M. Benson, K. Bird, K.E., J. Permuy) - both in Florida; the Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado, Aurora (R.P.W., G.F., R.S., L.H.M., E.C., V.N.S., S.P.); Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto (B.B., R.L., L.E., M.S.H., M. Basina), Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange (M.D., A. Bhangoo, N.F., H.K., F.S.), and the University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (J. Pettus, S.B.) - all in California; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (K.Z., B.H., L.O.); University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (P.R., P.C.W., A. Choudhary, J. Penn), and University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio (J.L., R.J., M.R., E.E., C.K., R.F.-P.); the University of Washington, Seattle (I.B.H., S.T.); the Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York (R.G., K.M.W., N.L.); the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (J.B.B., M.S.K., K. Bergamo, K.R.K., J.M.D., S. Machineni, L.A.Y., J.C.D.); the Henry Ford Health System, Detroit (D.K., A. Bhan, J.K.J.); Emory University, Atlanta (A.M., K.C., E.F.); Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis (J.B.M., M.S., J.M.S., S.A., A. Cedeno); Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC (F.C., S. Meighan, A.D.); and the Pritzker Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Ann and Robert Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago (J.W.-B.).
Francoise SuttonThe authors' affiliations are as follows: the Diabetes Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital (S.J.R., C.A.B., J.S.S., L.E.C., M.A.H., M.T., M.S.P., M.Y.S.), and Boston University (E.R.D.), Boston, and Beta Bionics, Concord (E.R.D., F.H.E.-K.) - all in Massachusetts; the Jaeb Center for Health Research, Tampa (R.W.B., K.J.R., Z.L., P.C.), and Nemours Children's Health Jacksonville, Jacksonville (N.M., M. Benson, K. Bird, K.E., J. Permuy) - both in Florida; the Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado, Aurora (R.P.W., G.F., R.S., L.H.M., E.C., V.N.S., S.P.); Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto (B.B., R.L., L.E., M.S.H., M. Basina), Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange (M.D., A. Bhangoo, N.F., H.K., F.S.), and the University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (J. Pettus, S.B.) - all in California; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (K.Z., B.H., L.O.); University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (P.R., P.C.W., A. Choudhary, J. Penn), and University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio (J.L., R.J., M.R., E.E., C.K., R.F.-P.); the University of Washington, Seattle (I.B.H., S.T.); the Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York (R.G., K.M.W., N.L.); the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (J.B.B., M.S.K., K. Bergamo, K.R.K., J.M.D., S. Machineni, L.A.Y., J.C.D.); the Henry Ford Health System, Detroit (D.K., A. Bhan, J.K.J.); Emory University, Atlanta (A.M., K.C., E.F.); Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis (J.B.M., M.S., J.M.S., S.A., A. Cedeno); Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC (F.C., S. Meighan, A.D.); and the Pritzker Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Ann and Robert Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago (J.W.-B.).
Abha ChoudharyThe authors' affiliations are as follows: the Diabetes Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital (S.J.R., C.A.B., J.S.S., L.E.C., M.A.H., M.T., M.S.P., M.Y.S.), and Boston University (E.R.D.), Boston, and Beta Bionics, Concord (E.R.D., F.H.E.-K.) - all in Massachusetts; the Jaeb Center for Health Research, Tampa (R.W.B., K.J.R., Z.L., P.C.), and Nemours Children's Health Jacksonville, Jacksonville (N.M., M. Benson, K. Bird, K.E., J. Permuy) - both in Florida; the Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado, Aurora (R.P.W., G.F., R.S., L.H.M., E.C., V.N.S., S.P.); Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto (B.B., R.L., L.E., M.S.H., M. Basina), Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange (M.D., A. Bhangoo, N.F., H.K., F.S.), and the University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (J. Pettus, S.B.) - all in California; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (K.Z., B.H., L.O.); University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (P.R., P.C.W., A. Choudhary, J. Penn), and University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio (J.L., R.J., M.R., E.E., C.K., R.F.-P.); the University of Washington, Seattle (I.B.H., S.T.); the Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York (R.G., K.M.W., N.L.); the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (J.B.B., M.S.K., K. Bergamo, K.R.K., J.M.D., S. Machineni, L.A.Y., J.C.D.); the Henry Ford Health System, Detroit (D.K., A. Bhan, J.K.J.); Emory University, Atlanta (A.M., K.C., E.F.); Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis (J.B.M., M.S., J.M.S., S.A., A. Cedeno); Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC (F.C., S. Meighan, A.D.); and the Pritzker Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Ann and Robert Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago (J.W.-B.).
Jimmy PennThe authors' affiliations are as follows: the Diabetes Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital (S.J.R., C.A.B., J.S.S., L.E.C., M.A.H., M.T., M.S.P., M.Y.S.), and Boston University (E.R.D.), Boston, and Beta Bionics, Concord (E.R.D., F.H.E.-K.) - all in Massachusetts; the Jaeb Center for Health Research, Tampa (R.W.B., K.J.R., Z.L., P.C.), and Nemours Children's Health Jacksonville, Jacksonville (N.M., M. Benson, K. Bird, K.E., J. Permuy) - both in Florida; the Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado, Aurora (R.P.W., G.F., R.S., L.H.M., E.C., V.N.S., S.P.); Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto (B.B., R.L., L.E., M.S.H., M. Basina), Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange (M.D., A. Bhangoo, N.F., H.K., F.S.), and the University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (J. Pettus, S.B.) - all in California; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (K.Z., B.H., L.O.); University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (P.R., P.C.W., A. Choudhary, J. Penn), and University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio (J.L., R.J., M.R., E.E., C.K., R.F.-P.); the University of Washington, Seattle (I.B.H., S.T.); the Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York (R.G., K.M.W., N.L.); the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (J.B.B., M.S.K., K. Bergamo, K.R.K., J.M.D., S. Machineni, L.A.Y., J.C.D.); the Henry Ford Health System, Detroit (D.K., A. Bhan, J.K.J.); Emory University, Atlanta (A.M., K.C., E.F.); Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis (J.B.M., M.S., J.M.S., S.A., A. Cedeno); Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC (F.C., S. Meighan, A.D.); and the Pritzker Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Ann and Robert Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago (J.W.-B.).
Rabab JafriThe authors' affiliations are as follows: the Diabetes Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital (S.J.R., C.A.B., J.S.S., L.E.C., M.A.H., M.T., M.S.P., M.Y.S.), and Boston University (E.R.D.), Boston, and Beta Bionics, Concord (E.R.D., F.H.E.-K.) - all in Massachusetts; the Jaeb Center for Health Research, Tampa (R.W.B., K.J.R., Z.L., P.C.), and Nemours Children's Health Jacksonville, Jacksonville (N.M., M. Benson, K. Bird, K.E., J. Permuy) - both in Florida; the Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado, Aurora (R.P.W., G.F., R.S., L.H.M., E.C., V.N.S., S.P.); Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto (B.B., R.L., L.E., M.S.H., M. Basina), Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange (M.D., A. Bhangoo, N.F., H.K., F.S.), and the University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (J. Pettus, S.B.) - all in California; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (K.Z., B.H., L.O.); University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (P.R., P.C.W., A. Choudhary, J. Penn), and University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio (J.L., R.J., M.R., E.E., C.K., R.F.-P.); the University of Washington, Seattle (I.B.H., S.T.); the Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York (R.G., K.M.W., N.L.); the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (J.B.B., M.S.K., K. Bergamo, K.R.K., J.M.D., S. Machineni, L.A.Y., J.C.D.); the Henry Ford Health System, Detroit (D.K., A. Bhan, J.K.J.); Emory University, Atlanta (A.M., K.C., E.F.); Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis (J.B.M., M.S., J.M.S., S.A., A. Cedeno); Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC (F.C., S. Meighan, A.D.); and the Pritzker Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Ann and Robert Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago (J.W.-B.).
Maria RayasThe authors' affiliations are as follows: the Diabetes Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital (S.J.R., C.A.B., J.S.S., L.E.C., M.A.H., M.T., M.S.P., M.Y.S.), and Boston University (E.R.D.), Boston, and Beta Bionics, Concord (E.R.D., F.H.E.-K.) - all in Massachusetts; the Jaeb Center for Health Research, Tampa (R.W.B., K.J.R., Z.L., P.C.), and Nemours Children's Health Jacksonville, Jacksonville (N.M., M. Benson, K. Bird, K.E., J. Permuy) - both in Florida; the Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado, Aurora (R.P.W., G.F., R.S., L.H.M., E.C., V.N.S., S.P.); Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto (B.B., R.L., L.E., M.S.H., M. Basina), Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange (M.D., A. Bhangoo, N.F., H.K., F.S.), and the University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (J. Pettus, S.B.) - all in California; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (K.Z., B.H., L.O.); University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (P.R., P.C.W., A. Choudhary, J. Penn), and University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio (J.L., R.J., M.R., E.E., C.K., R.F.-P.); the University of Washington, Seattle (I.B.H., S.T.); the Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York (R.G., K.M.W., N.L.); the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (J.B.B., M.S.K., K. Bergamo, K.R.K., J.M.D., S. Machineni, L.A.Y., J.C.D.); the Henry Ford Health System, Detroit (D.K., A. Bhan, J.K.J.); Emory University, Atlanta (A.M., K.C., E.F.); Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis (J.B.M., M.S., J.M.S., S.A., A. Cedeno); Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC (F.C., S. Meighan, A.D.); and the Pritzker Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Ann and Robert Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago (J.W.-B.).
Elia EscanameThe authors' affiliations are as follows: the Diabetes Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital (S.J.R., C.A.B., J.S.S., L.E.C., M.A.H., M.T., M.S.P., M.Y.S.), and Boston University (E.R.D.), Boston, and Beta Bionics, Concord (E.R.D., F.H.E.-K.) - all in Massachusetts; the Jaeb Center for Health Research, Tampa (R.W.B., K.J.R., Z.L., P.C.), and Nemours Children's Health Jacksonville, Jacksonville (N.M., M. Benson, K. Bird, K.E., J. Permuy) - both in Florida; the Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado, Aurora (R.P.W., G.F., R.S., L.H.M., E.C., V.N.S., S.P.); Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto (B.B., R.L., L.E., M.S.H., M. Basina), Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange (M.D., A. Bhangoo, N.F., H.K., F.S.), and the University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (J. Pettus, S.B.) - all in California; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (K.Z., B.H., L.O.); University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (P.R., P.C.W., A. Choudhary, J. Penn), and University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio (J.L., R.J., M.R., E.E., C.K., R.F.-P.); the University of Washington, Seattle (I.B.H., S.T.); the Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York (R.G., K.M.W., N.L.); the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (J.B.B., M.S.K., K. Bergamo, K.R.K., J.M.D., S. Machineni, L.A.Y., J.C.D.); the Henry Ford Health System, Detroit (D.K., A. Bhan, J.K.J.); Emory University, Atlanta (A.M., K.C., E.F.); Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis (J.B.M., M.S., J.M.S., S.A., A. Cedeno); Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC (F.C., S. Meighan, A.D.); and the Pritzker Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Ann and Robert Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago (J.W.-B.).
Catherine KerrThe authors' affiliations are as follows: the Diabetes Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital (S.J.R., C.A.B., J.S.S., L.E.C., M.A.H., M.T., M.S.P., M.Y.S.), and Boston University (E.R.D.), Boston, and Beta Bionics, Concord (E.R.D., F.H.E.-K.) - all in Massachusetts; the Jaeb Center for Health Research, Tampa (R.W.B., K.J.R., Z.L., P.C.), and Nemours Children's Health Jacksonville, Jacksonville (N.M., M. Benson, K. Bird, K.E., J. Permuy) - both in Florida; the Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado, Aurora (R.P.W., G.F., R.S., L.H.M., E.C., V.N.S., S.P.); Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto (B.B., R.L., L.E., M.S.H., M. Basina), Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange (M.D., A. Bhangoo, N.F., H.K., F.S.), and the University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (J. Pettus, S.B.) - all in California; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (K.Z., B.H., L.O.); University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (P.R., P.C.W., A. Choudhary, J. Penn), and University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio (J.L., R.J., M.R., E.E., C.K., R.F.-P.); the University of Washington, Seattle (I.B.H., S.T.); the Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York (R.G., K.M.W., N.L.); the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (J.B.B., M.S.K., K. Bergamo, K.R.K., J.M.D., S. Machineni, L.A.Y., J.C.D.); the Henry Ford Health System, Detroit (D.K., A. Bhan, J.K.J.); Emory University, Atlanta (A.M., K.C., E.F.); Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis (J.B.M., M.S., J.M.S., S.A., A. Cedeno); Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC (F.C., S. Meighan, A.D.); and the Pritzker Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Ann and Robert Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago (J.W.-B.).
Ruby Favela-PrezasThe authors' affiliations are as follows: the Diabetes Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital (S.J.R., C.A.B., J.S.S., L.E.C., M.A.H., M.T., M.S.P., M.Y.S.), and Boston University (E.R.D.), Boston, and Beta Bionics, Concord (E.R.D., F.H.E.-K.) - all in Massachusetts; the Jaeb Center for Health Research, Tampa (R.W.B., K.J.R., Z.L., P.C.), and Nemours Children's Health Jacksonville, Jacksonville (N.M., M. Benson, K. Bird, K.E., J. Permuy) - both in Florida; the Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado, Aurora (R.P.W., G.F., R.S., L.H.M., E.C., V.N.S., S.P.); Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto (B.B., R.L., L.E., M.S.H., M. Basina), Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange (M.D., A. Bhangoo, N.F., H.K., F.S.), and the University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (J. Pettus, S.B.) - all in California; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (K.Z., B.H., L.O.); University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (P.R., P.C.W., A. Choudhary, J. Penn), and University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio (J.L., R.J., M.R., E.E., C.K., R.F.-P.); the University of Washington, Seattle (I.B.H., S.T.); the Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York (R.G., K.M.W., N.L.); the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (J.B.B., M.S.K., K. Bergamo, K.R.K., J.M.D., S. Machineni, L.A.Y., J.C.D.); the Henry Ford Health System, Detroit (D.K., A. Bhan, J.K.J.); Emory University, Atlanta (A.M., K.C., E.F.); Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis (J.B.M., M.S., J.M.S., S.A., A. Cedeno); Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC (F.C., S. Meighan, A.D.); and the Pritzker Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Ann and Robert Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago (J.W.-B.).
Schafer BoederThe authors' affiliations are as follows: the Diabetes Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital (S.J.R., C.A.B., J.S.S., L.E.C., M.A.H., M.T., M.S.P., M.Y.S.), and Boston University (E.R.D.), Boston, and Beta Bionics, Concord (E.R.D., F.H.E.-K.) - all in Massachusetts; the Jaeb Center for Health Research, Tampa (R.W.B., K.J.R., Z.L., P.C.), and Nemours Children's Health Jacksonville, Jacksonville (N.M., M. Benson, K. Bird, K.E., J. Permuy) - both in Florida; the Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado, Aurora (R.P.W., G.F., R.S., L.H.M., E.C., V.N.S., S.P.); Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto (B.B., R.L., L.E., M.S.H., M. Basina), Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange (M.D., A. Bhangoo, N.F., H.K., F.S.), and the University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (J. Pettus, S.B.) - all in California; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (K.Z., B.H., L.O.); University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (P.R., P.C.W., A. Choudhary, J. Penn), and University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio (J.L., R.J., M.R., E.E., C.K., R.F.-P.); the University of Washington, Seattle (I.B.H., S.T.); the Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York (R.G., K.M.W., N.L.); the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (J.B.B., M.S.K., K. Bergamo, K.R.K., J.M.D., S. Machineni, L.A.Y., J.C.D.); the Henry Ford Health System, Detroit (D.K., A. Bhan, J.K.J.); Emory University, Atlanta (A.M., K.C., E.F.); Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis (J.B.M., M.S., J.M.S., S.A., A. Cedeno); Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC (F.C., S. Meighan, A.D.); and the Pritzker Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Ann and Robert Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago (J.W.-B.).
Subbulaxmi TrikudanathanThe authors' affiliations are as follows: the Diabetes Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital (S.J.R., C.A.B., J.S.S., L.E.C., M.A.H., M.T., M.S.P., M.Y.S.), and Boston University (E.R.D.), Boston, and Beta Bionics, Concord (E.R.D., F.H.E.-K.) - all in Massachusetts; the Jaeb Center for Health Research, Tampa (R.W.B., K.J.R., Z.L., P.C.), and Nemours Children's Health Jacksonville, Jacksonville (N.M., M. Benson, K. Bird, K.E., J. Permuy) - both in Florida; the Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado, Aurora (R.P.W., G.F., R.S., L.H.M., E.C., V.N.S., S.P.); Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto (B.B., R.L., L.E., M.S.H., M. Basina), Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange (M.D., A. Bhangoo, N.F., H.K., F.S.), and the University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (J. Pettus, S.B.) - all in California; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (K.Z., B.H., L.O.); University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (P.R., P.C.W., A. Choudhary, J. Penn), and University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio (J.L., R.J., M.R., E.E., C.K., R.F.-P.); the University of Washington, Seattle (I.B.H., S.T.); the Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York (R.G., K.M.W., N.L.); the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (J.B.B., M.S.K., K. Bergamo, K.R.K., J.M.D., S. Machineni, L.A.Y., J.C.D.); the Henry Ford Health System, Detroit (D.K., A. Bhan, J.K.J.); Emory University, Atlanta (A.M., K.C., E.F.); Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis (J.B.M., M.S., J.M.S., S.A., A. Cedeno); Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC (F.C., S. Meighan, A.D.); and the Pritzker Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Ann and Robert Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago (J.W.-B.).
Kristen M WilliamsThe authors' affiliations are as follows: the Diabetes Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital (S.J.R., C.A.B., J.S.S., L.E.C., M.A.H., M.T., M.S.P., M.Y.S.), and Boston University (E.R.D.), Boston, and Beta Bionics, Concord (E.R.D., F.H.E.-K.) - all in Massachusetts; the Jaeb Center for Health Research, Tampa (R.W.B., K.J.R., Z.L., P.C.), and Nemours Children's Health Jacksonville, Jacksonville (N.M., M. Benson, K. Bird, K.E., J. Permuy) - both in Florida; the Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado, Aurora (R.P.W., G.F., R.S., L.H.M., E.C., V.N.S., S.P.); Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto (B.B., R.L., L.E., M.S.H., M. Basina), Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange (M.D., A. Bhangoo, N.F., H.K., F.S.), and the University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (J. Pettus, S.B.) - all in California; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (K.Z., B.H., L.O.); University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (P.R., P.C.W., A. Choudhary, J. Penn), and University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio (J.L., R.J., M.R., E.E., C.K., R.F.-P.); the University of Washington, Seattle (I.B.H., S.T.); the Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York (R.G., K.M.W., N.L.); the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (J.B.B., M.S.K., K. Bergamo, K.R.K., J.M.D., S. Machineni, L.A.Y., J.C.D.); the Henry Ford Health System, Detroit (D.K., A. Bhan, J.K.J.); Emory University, Atlanta (A.M., K.C., E.F.); Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis (J.B.M., M.S., J.M.S., S.A., A. Cedeno); Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC (F.C., S. Meighan, A.D.); and the Pritzker Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Ann and Robert Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago (J.W.-B.).
Natasha LeibelThe authors' affiliations are as follows: the Diabetes Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital (S.J.R., C.A.B., J.S.S., L.E.C., M.A.H., M.T., M.S.P., M.Y.S.), and Boston University (E.R.D.), Boston, and Beta Bionics, Concord (E.R.D., F.H.E.-K.) - all in Massachusetts; the Jaeb Center for Health Research, Tampa (R.W.B., K.J.R., Z.L., P.C.), and Nemours Children's Health Jacksonville, Jacksonville (N.M., M. Benson, K. Bird, K.E., J. Permuy) - both in Florida; the Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado, Aurora (R.P.W., G.F., R.S., L.H.M., E.C., V.N.S., S.P.); Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto (B.B., R.L., L.E., M.S.H., M. Basina), Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange (M.D., A. Bhangoo, N.F., H.K., F.S.), and the University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (J. Pettus, S.B.) - all in California; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (K.Z., B.H., L.O.); University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (P.R., P.C.W., A. Choudhary, J. Penn), and University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio (J.L., R.J., M.R., E.E., C.K., R.F.-P.); the University of Washington, Seattle (I.B.H., S.T.); the Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York (R.G., K.M.W., N.L.); the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (J.B.B., M.S.K., K. Bergamo, K.R.K., J.M.D., S. Machineni, L.A.Y., J.C.D.); the Henry Ford Health System, Detroit (D.K., A. Bhan, J.K.J.); Emory University, Atlanta (A.M., K.C., E.F.); Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis (J.B.M., M.S., J.M.S., S.A., A. Cedeno); Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC (F.C., S. Meighan, A.D.); and the Pritzker Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Ann and Robert Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago (J.W.-B.).
M Sue KirkmanThe authors' affiliations are as follows: the Diabetes Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital (S.J.R., C.A.B., J.S.S., L.E.C., M.A.H., M.T., M.S.P., M.Y.S.), and Boston University (E.R.D.), Boston, and Beta Bionics, Concord (E.R.D., F.H.E.-K.) - all in Massachusetts; the Jaeb Center for Health Research, Tampa (R.W.B., K.J.R., Z.L., P.C.), and Nemours Children's Health Jacksonville, Jacksonville (N.M., M. Benson, K. Bird, K.E., J. Permuy) - both in Florida; the Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado, Aurora (R.P.W., G.F., R.S., L.H.M., E.C., V.N.S., S.P.); Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto (B.B., R.L., L.E., M.S.H., M. Basina), Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange (M.D., A. Bhangoo, N.F., H.K., F.S.), and the University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (J. Pettus, S.B.) - all in California; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (K.Z., B.H., L.O.); University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (P.R., P.C.W., A. Choudhary, J. Penn), and University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio (J.L., R.J., M.R., E.E., C.K., R.F.-P.); the University of Washington, Seattle (I.B.H., S.T.); the Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York (R.G., K.M.W., N.L.); the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (J.B.B., M.S.K., K. Bergamo, K.R.K., J.M.D., S. Machineni, L.A.Y., J.C.D.); the Henry Ford Health System, Detroit (D.K., A. Bhan, J.K.J.); Emory University, Atlanta (A.M., K.C., E.F.); Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis (J.B.M., M.S., J.M.S., S.A., A. Cedeno); Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC (F.C., S. Meighan, A.D.); and the Pritzker Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Ann and Robert Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago (J.W.-B.).
Kate BergamoThe authors' affiliations are as follows: the Diabetes Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital (S.J.R., C.A.B., J.S.S., L.E.C., M.A.H., M.T., M.S.P., M.Y.S.), and Boston University (E.R.D.), Boston, and Beta Bionics, Concord (E.R.D., F.H.E.-K.) - all in Massachusetts; the Jaeb Center for Health Research, Tampa (R.W.B., K.J.R., Z.L., P.C.), and Nemours Children's Health Jacksonville, Jacksonville (N.M., M. Benson, K. Bird, K.E., J. Permuy) - both in Florida; the Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado, Aurora (R.P.W., G.F., R.S., L.H.M., E.C., V.N.S., S.P.); Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto (B.B., R.L., L.E., M.S.H., M. Basina), Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange (M.D., A. Bhangoo, N.F., H.K., F.S.), and the University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (J. Pettus, S.B.) - all in California; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (K.Z., B.H., L.O.); University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (P.R., P.C.W., A. Choudhary, J. Penn), and University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio (J.L., R.J., M.R., E.E., C.K., R.F.-P.); the University of Washington, Seattle (I.B.H., S.T.); the Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York (R.G., K.M.W., N.L.); the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (J.B.B., M.S.K., K. Bergamo, K.R.K., J.M.D., S. Machineni, L.A.Y., J.C.D.); the Henry Ford Health System, Detroit (D.K., A. Bhan, J.K.J.); Emory University, Atlanta (A.M., K.C., E.F.); Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis (J.B.M., M.S., J.M.S., S.A., A. Cedeno); Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC (F.C., S. Meighan, A.D.); and the Pritzker Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Ann and Robert Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago (J.W.-B.).
Klara R KleinThe authors' affiliations are as follows: the Diabetes Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital (S.J.R., C.A.B., J.S.S., L.E.C., M.A.H., M.T., M.S.P., M.Y.S.), and Boston University (E.R.D.), Boston, and Beta Bionics, Concord (E.R.D., F.H.E.-K.) - all in Massachusetts; the Jaeb Center for Health Research, Tampa (R.W.B., K.J.R., Z.L., P.C.), and Nemours Children's Health Jacksonville, Jacksonville (N.M., M. Benson, K. Bird, K.E., J. Permuy) - both in Florida; the Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado, Aurora (R.P.W., G.F., R.S., L.H.M., E.C., V.N.S., S.P.); Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto (B.B., R.L., L.E., M.S.H., M. Basina), Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange (M.D., A. Bhangoo, N.F., H.K., F.S.), and the University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (J. Pettus, S.B.) - all in California; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (K.Z., B.H., L.O.); University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (P.R., P.C.W., A. Choudhary, J. Penn), and University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio (J.L., R.J., M.R., E.E., C.K., R.F.-P.); the University of Washington, Seattle (I.B.H., S.T.); the Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York (R.G., K.M.W., N.L.); the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (J.B.B., M.S.K., K. Bergamo, K.R.K., J.M.D., S. Machineni, L.A.Y., J.C.D.); the Henry Ford Health System, Detroit (D.K., A. Bhan, J.K.J.); Emory University, Atlanta (A.M., K.C., E.F.); Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis (J.B.M., M.S., J.M.S., S.A., A. Cedeno); Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC (F.C., S. Meighan, A.D.); and the Pritzker Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Ann and Robert Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago (J.W.-B.).
Jean M DostouThe authors' affiliations are as follows: the Diabetes Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital (S.J.R., C.A.B., J.S.S., L.E.C., M.A.H., M.T., M.S.P., M.Y.S.), and Boston University (E.R.D.), Boston, and Beta Bionics, Concord (E.R.D., F.H.E.-K.) - all in Massachusetts; the Jaeb Center for Health Research, Tampa (R.W.B., K.J.R., Z.L., P.C.), and Nemours Children's Health Jacksonville, Jacksonville (N.M., M. Benson, K. Bird, K.E., J. Permuy) - both in Florida; the Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado, Aurora (R.P.W., G.F., R.S., L.H.M., E.C., V.N.S., S.P.); Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto (B.B., R.L., L.E., M.S.H., M. Basina), Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange (M.D., A. Bhangoo, N.F., H.K., F.S.), and the University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (J. Pettus, S.B.) - all in California; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (K.Z., B.H., L.O.); University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (P.R., P.C.W., A. Choudhary, J. Penn), and University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio (J.L., R.J., M.R., E.E., C.K., R.F.-P.); the University of Washington, Seattle (I.B.H., S.T.); the Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York (R.G., K.M.W., N.L.); the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (J.B.B., M.S.K., K. Bergamo, K.R.K., J.M.D., S. Machineni, L.A.Y., J.C.D.); the Henry Ford Health System, Detroit (D.K., A. Bhan, J.K.J.); Emory University, Atlanta (A.M., K.C., E.F.); Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis (J.B.M., M.S., J.M.S., S.A., A. Cedeno); Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC (F.C., S. Meighan, A.D.); and the Pritzker Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Ann and Robert Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago (J.W.-B.).
Sriram MachineniThe authors' affiliations are as follows: the Diabetes Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital (S.J.R., C.A.B., J.S.S., L.E.C., M.A.H., M.T., M.S.P., M.Y.S.), and Boston University (E.R.D.), Boston, and Beta Bionics, Concord (E.R.D., F.H.E.-K.) - all in Massachusetts; the Jaeb Center for Health Research, Tampa (R.W.B., K.J.R., Z.L., P.C.), and Nemours Children's Health Jacksonville, Jacksonville (N.M., M. Benson, K. Bird, K.E., J. Permuy) - both in Florida; the Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado, Aurora (R.P.W., G.F., R.S., L.H.M., E.C., V.N.S., S.P.); Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto (B.B., R.L., L.E., M.S.H., M. Basina), Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange (M.D., A. Bhangoo, N.F., H.K., F.S.), and the University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (J. Pettus, S.B.) - all in California; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (K.Z., B.H., L.O.); University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (P.R., P.C.W., A. Choudhary, J. Penn), and University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio (J.L., R.J., M.R., E.E., C.K., R.F.-P.); the University of Washington, Seattle (I.B.H., S.T.); the Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York (R.G., K.M.W., N.L.); the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (J.B.B., M.S.K., K. Bergamo, K.R.K., J.M.D., S. Machineni, L.A.Y., J.C.D.); the Henry Ford Health System, Detroit (D.K., A. Bhan, J.K.J.); Emory University, Atlanta (A.M., K.C., E.F.); Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis (J.B.M., M.S., J.M.S., S.A., A. Cedeno); Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC (F.C., S. Meighan, A.D.); and the Pritzker Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Ann and Robert Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago (J.W.-B.).
Laura A YoungThe authors' affiliations are as follows: the Diabetes Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital (S.J.R., C.A.B., J.S.S., L.E.C., M.A.H., M.T., M.S.P., M.Y.S.), and Boston University (E.R.D.), Boston, and Beta Bionics, Concord (E.R.D., F.H.E.-K.) - all in Massachusetts; the Jaeb Center for Health Research, Tampa (R.W.B., K.J.R., Z.L., P.C.), and Nemours Children's Health Jacksonville, Jacksonville (N.M., M. Benson, K. Bird, K.E., J. Permuy) - both in Florida; the Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado, Aurora (R.P.W., G.F., R.S., L.H.M., E.C., V.N.S., S.P.); Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto (B.B., R.L., L.E., M.S.H., M. Basina), Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange (M.D., A. Bhangoo, N.F., H.K., F.S.), and the University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (J. Pettus, S.B.) - all in California; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (K.Z., B.H., L.O.); University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (P.R., P.C.W., A. Choudhary, J. Penn), and University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio (J.L., R.J., M.R., E.E., C.K., R.F.-P.); the University of Washington, Seattle (I.B.H., S.T.); the Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York (R.G., K.M.W., N.L.); the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (J.B.B., M.S.K., K. Bergamo, K.R.K., J.M.D., S. Machineni, L.A.Y., J.C.D.); the Henry Ford Health System, Detroit (D.K., A. Bhan, J.K.J.); Emory University, Atlanta (A.M., K.C., E.F.); Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis (J.B.M., M.S., J.M.S., S.A., A. Cedeno); Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC (F.C., S. Meighan, A.D.); and the Pritzker Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Ann and Robert Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago (J.W.-B.).
Jamie C DinerThe authors' affiliations are as follows: the Diabetes Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital (S.J.R., C.A.B., J.S.S., L.E.C., M.A.H., M.T., M.S.P., M.Y.S.), and Boston University (E.R.D.), Boston, and Beta Bionics, Concord (E.R.D., F.H.E.-K.) - all in Massachusetts; the Jaeb Center for Health Research, Tampa (R.W.B., K.J.R., Z.L., P.C.), and Nemours Children's Health Jacksonville, Jacksonville (N.M., M. Benson, K. Bird, K.E., J. Permuy) - both in Florida; the Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado, Aurora (R.P.W., G.F., R.S., L.H.M., E.C., V.N.S., S.P.); Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto (B.B., R.L., L.E., M.S.H., M. Basina), Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange (M.D., A. Bhangoo, N.F., H.K., F.S.), and the University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (J. Pettus, S.B.) - all in California; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (K.Z., B.H., L.O.); University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (P.R., P.C.W., A. Choudhary, J. Penn), and University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio (J.L., R.J., M.R., E.E., C.K., R.F.-P.); the University of Washington, Seattle (I.B.H., S.T.); the Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York (R.G., K.M.W., N.L.); the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (J.B.B., M.S.K., K. Bergamo, K.R.K., J.M.D., S. Machineni, L.A.Y., J.C.D.); the Henry Ford Health System, Detroit (D.K., A. Bhan, J.K.J.); Emory University, Atlanta (A.M., K.C., E.F.); Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis (J.B.M., M.S., J.M.S., S.A., A. Cedeno); Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC (F.C., S. Meighan, A.D.); and the Pritzker Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Ann and Robert Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago (J.W.-B.).
Arti BhanThe authors' affiliations are as follows: the Diabetes Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital (S.J.R., C.A.B., J.S.S., L.E.C., M.A.H., M.T., M.S.P., M.Y.S.), and Boston University (E.R.D.), Boston, and Beta Bionics, Concord (E.R.D., F.H.E.-K.) - all in Massachusetts; the Jaeb Center for Health Research, Tampa (R.W.B., K.J.R., Z.L., P.C.), and Nemours Children's Health Jacksonville, Jacksonville (N.M., M. Benson, K. Bird, K.E., J. Permuy) - both in Florida; the Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado, Aurora (R.P.W., G.F., R.S., L.H.M., E.C., V.N.S., S.P.); Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto (B.B., R.L., L.E., M.S.H., M. Basina), Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange (M.D., A. Bhangoo, N.F., H.K., F.S.), and the University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (J. Pettus, S.B.) - all in California; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (K.Z., B.H., L.O.); University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (P.R., P.C.W., A. Choudhary, J. Penn), and University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio (J.L., R.J., M.R., E.E., C.K., R.F.-P.); the University of Washington, Seattle (I.B.H., S.T.); the Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York (R.G., K.M.W., N.L.); the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (J.B.B., M.S.K., K. Bergamo, K.R.K., J.M.D., S. Machineni, L.A.Y., J.C.D.); the Henry Ford Health System, Detroit (D.K., A. Bhan, J.K.J.); Emory University, Atlanta (A.M., K.C., E.F.); Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis (J.B.M., M.S., J.M.S., S.A., A. Cedeno); Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC (F.C., S. Meighan, A.D.); and the Pritzker Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Ann and Robert Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago (J.W.-B.).
J Kimberly JonesThe authors' affiliations are as follows: the Diabetes Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital (S.J.R., C.A.B., J.S.S., L.E.C., M.A.H., M.T., M.S.P., M.Y.S.), and Boston University (E.R.D.), Boston, and Beta Bionics, Concord (E.R.D., F.H.E.-K.) - all in Massachusetts; the Jaeb Center for Health Research, Tampa (R.W.B., K.J.R., Z.L., P.C.), and Nemours Children's Health Jacksonville, Jacksonville (N.M., M. Benson, K. Bird, K.E., J. Permuy) - both in Florida; the Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado, Aurora (R.P.W., G.F., R.S., L.H.M., E.C., V.N.S., S.P.); Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto (B.B., R.L., L.E., M.S.H., M. Basina), Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange (M.D., A. Bhangoo, N.F., H.K., F.S.), and the University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (J. Pettus, S.B.) - all in California; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (K.Z., B.H., L.O.); University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (P.R., P.C.W., A. Choudhary, J. Penn), and University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio (J.L., R.J., M.R., E.E., C.K., R.F.-P.); the University of Washington, Seattle (I.B.H., S.T.); the Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York (R.G., K.M.W., N.L.); the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (J.B.B., M.S.K., K. Bergamo, K.R.K., J.M.D., S. Machineni, L.A.Y., J.C.D.); the Henry Ford Health System, Detroit (D.K., A. Bhan, J.K.J.); Emory University, Atlanta (A.M., K.C., E.F.); Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis (J.B.M., M.S., J.M.S., S.A., A. Cedeno); Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC (F.C., S. Meighan, A.D.); and the Pritzker Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Ann and Robert Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago (J.W.-B.).
Matthew BensonThe authors' affiliations are as follows: the Diabetes Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital (S.J.R., C.A.B., J.S.S., L.E.C., M.A.H., M.T., M.S.P., M.Y.S.), and Boston University (E.R.D.), Boston, and Beta Bionics, Concord (E.R.D., F.H.E.-K.) - all in Massachusetts; the Jaeb Center for Health Research, Tampa (R.W.B., K.J.R., Z.L., P.C.), and Nemours Children's Health Jacksonville, Jacksonville (N.M., M. Benson, K. Bird, K.E., J. Permuy) - both in Florida; the Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado, Aurora (R.P.W., G.F., R.S., L.H.M., E.C., V.N.S., S.P.); Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto (B.B., R.L., L.E., M.S.H., M. Basina), Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange (M.D., A. Bhangoo, N.F., H.K., F.S.), and the University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (J. Pettus, S.B.) - all in California; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (K.Z., B.H., L.O.); University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (P.R., P.C.W., A. Choudhary, J. Penn), and University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio (J.L., R.J., M.R., E.E., C.K., R.F.-P.); the University of Washington, Seattle (I.B.H., S.T.); the Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York (R.G., K.M.W., N.L.); the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (J.B.B., M.S.K., K. Bergamo, K.R.K., J.M.D., S. Machineni, L.A.Y., J.C.D.); the Henry Ford Health System, Detroit (D.K., A. Bhan, J.K.J.); Emory University, Atlanta (A.M., K.C., E.F.); Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis (J.B.M., M.S., J.M.S., S.A., A. Cedeno); Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC (F.C., S. Meighan, A.D.); and the Pritzker Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Ann and Robert Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago (J.W.-B.).
Keisha BirdThe authors' affiliations are as follows: the Diabetes Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital (S.J.R., C.A.B., J.S.S., L.E.C., M.A.H., M.T., M.S.P., M.Y.S.), and Boston University (E.R.D.), Boston, and Beta Bionics, Concord (E.R.D., F.H.E.-K.) - all in Massachusetts; the Jaeb Center for Health Research, Tampa (R.W.B., K.J.R., Z.L., P.C.), and Nemours Children's Health Jacksonville, Jacksonville (N.M., M. Benson, K. Bird, K.E., J. Permuy) - both in Florida; the Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado, Aurora (R.P.W., G.F., R.S., L.H.M., E.C., V.N.S., S.P.); Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto (B.B., R.L., L.E., M.S.H., M. Basina), Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange (M.D., A. Bhangoo, N.F., H.K., F.S.), and the University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (J. Pettus, S.B.) - all in California; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (K.Z., B.H., L.O.); University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (P.R., P.C.W., A. Choudhary, J. Penn), and University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio (J.L., R.J., M.R., E.E., C.K., R.F.-P.); the University of Washington, Seattle (I.B.H., S.T.); the Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York (R.G., K.M.W., N.L.); the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (J.B.B., M.S.K., K. Bergamo, K.R.K., J.M.D., S. Machineni, L.A.Y., J.C.D.); the Henry Ford Health System, Detroit (D.K., A. Bhan, J.K.J.); Emory University, Atlanta (A.M., K.C., E.F.); Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis (J.B.M., M.S., J.M.S., S.A., A. Cedeno); Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC (F.C., S. Meighan, A.D.); and the Pritzker Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Ann and Robert Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago (J.W.-B.).
Kimberly EnglertThe authors' affiliations are as follows: the Diabetes Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital (S.J.R., C.A.B., J.S.S., L.E.C., M.A.H., M.T., M.S.P., M.Y.S.), and Boston University (E.R.D.), Boston, and Beta Bionics, Concord (E.R.D., F.H.E.-K.) - all in Massachusetts; the Jaeb Center for Health Research, Tampa (R.W.B., K.J.R., Z.L., P.C.), and Nemours Children's Health Jacksonville, Jacksonville (N.M., M. Benson, K. Bird, K.E., J. Permuy) - both in Florida; the Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado, Aurora (R.P.W., G.F., R.S., L.H.M., E.C., V.N.S., S.P.); Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto (B.B., R.L., L.E., M.S.H., M. Basina), Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange (M.D., A. Bhangoo, N.F., H.K., F.S.), and the University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (J. Pettus, S.B.) - all in California; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (K.Z., B.H., L.O.); University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (P.R., P.C.W., A. Choudhary, J. Penn), and University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio (J.L., R.J., M.R., E.E., C.K., R.F.-P.); the University of Washington, Seattle (I.B.H., S.T.); the Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York (R.G., K.M.W., N.L.); the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (J.B.B., M.S.K., K. Bergamo, K.R.K., J.M.D., S. Machineni, L.A.Y., J.C.D.); the Henry Ford Health System, Detroit (D.K., A. Bhan, J.K.J.); Emory University, Atlanta (A.M., K.C., E.F.); Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis (J.B.M., M.S., J.M.S., S.A., A. Cedeno); Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC (F.C., S. Meighan, A.D.); and the Pritzker Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Ann and Robert Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago (J.W.-B.).
Joe PermuyThe authors' affiliations are as follows: the Diabetes Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital (S.J.R., C.A.B., J.S.S., L.E.C., M.A.H., M.T., M.S.P., M.Y.S.), and Boston University (E.R.D.), Boston, and Beta Bionics, Concord (E.R.D., F.H.E.-K.) - all in Massachusetts; the Jaeb Center for Health Research, Tampa (R.W.B., K.J.R., Z.L., P.C.), and Nemours Children's Health Jacksonville, Jacksonville (N.M., M. Benson, K. Bird, K.E., J. Permuy) - both in Florida; the Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado, Aurora (R.P.W., G.F., R.S., L.H.M., E.C., V.N.S., S.P.); Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto (B.B., R.L., L.E., M.S.H., M. Basina), Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange (M.D., A. Bhangoo, N.F., H.K., F.S.), and the University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (J. Pettus, S.B.) - all in California; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (K.Z., B.H., L.O.); University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (P.R., P.C.W., A. Choudhary, J. Penn), and University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio (J.L., R.J., M.R., E.E., C.K., R.F.-P.); the University of Washington, Seattle (I.B.H., S.T.); the Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York (R.G., K.M.W., N.L.); the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (J.B.B., M.S.K., K. Bergamo, K.R.K., J.M.D., S. Machineni, L.A.Y., J.C.D.); the Henry Ford Health System, Detroit (D.K., A. Bhan, J.K.J.); Emory University, Atlanta (A.M., K.C., E.F.); Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis (J.B.M., M.S., J.M.S., S.A., A. Cedeno); Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC (F.C., S. Meighan, A.D.); and the Pritzker Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Ann and Robert Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago (J.W.-B.).
Kristina CossenThe authors' affiliations are as follows: the Diabetes Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital (S.J.R., C.A.B., J.S.S., L.E.C., M.A.H., M.T., M.S.P., M.Y.S.), and Boston University (E.R.D.), Boston, and Beta Bionics, Concord (E.R.D., F.H.E.-K.) - all in Massachusetts; the Jaeb Center for Health Research, Tampa (R.W.B., K.J.R., Z.L., P.C.), and Nemours Children's Health Jacksonville, Jacksonville (N.M., M. Benson, K. Bird, K.E., J. Permuy) - both in Florida; the Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado, Aurora (R.P.W., G.F., R.S., L.H.M., E.C., V.N.S., S.P.); Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto (B.B., R.L., L.E., M.S.H., M. Basina), Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange (M.D., A. Bhangoo, N.F., H.K., F.S.), and the University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (J. Pettus, S.B.) - all in California; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (K.Z., B.H., L.O.); University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (P.R., P.C.W., A. Choudhary, J. Penn), and University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio (J.L., R.J., M.R., E.E., C.K., R.F.-P.); the University of Washington, Seattle (I.B.H., S.T.); the Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York (R.G., K.M.W., N.L.); the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (J.B.B., M.S.K., K. Bergamo, K.R.K., J.M.D., S. Machineni, L.A.Y., J.C.D.); the Henry Ford Health System, Detroit (D.K., A. Bhan, J.K.J.); Emory University, Atlanta (A.M., K.C., E.F.); Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis (J.B.M., M.S., J.M.S., S.A., A. Cedeno); Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC (F.C., S. Meighan, A.D.); and the Pritzker Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Ann and Robert Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago (J.W.-B.).
Eric FelnerThe authors' affiliations are as follows: the Diabetes Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital (S.J.R., C.A.B., J.S.S., L.E.C., M.A.H., M.T., M.S.P., M.Y.S.), and Boston University (E.R.D.), Boston, and Beta Bionics, Concord (E.R.D., F.H.E.-K.) - all in Massachusetts; the Jaeb Center for Health Research, Tampa (R.W.B., K.J.R., Z.L., P.C.), and Nemours Children's Health Jacksonville, Jacksonville (N.M., M. Benson, K. Bird, K.E., J. Permuy) - both in Florida; the Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado, Aurora (R.P.W., G.F., R.S., L.H.M., E.C., V.N.S., S.P.); Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto (B.B., R.L., L.E., M.S.H., M. Basina), Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange (M.D., A. Bhangoo, N.F., H.K., F.S.), and the University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (J. Pettus, S.B.) - all in California; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (K.Z., B.H., L.O.); University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (P.R., P.C.W., A. Choudhary, J. Penn), and University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio (J.L., R.J., M.R., E.E., C.K., R.F.-P.); the University of Washington, Seattle (I.B.H., S.T.); the Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York (R.G., K.M.W., N.L.); the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (J.B.B., M.S.K., K. Bergamo, K.R.K., J.M.D., S. Machineni, L.A.Y., J.C.D.); the Henry Ford Health System, Detroit (D.K., A. Bhan, J.K.J.); Emory University, Atlanta (A.M., K.C., E.F.); Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis (J.B.M., M.S., J.M.S., S.A., A. Cedeno); Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC (F.C., S. Meighan, A.D.); and the Pritzker Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Ann and Robert Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago (J.W.-B.).
Maamoun SalamThe authors' affiliations are as follows: the Diabetes Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital (S.J.R., C.A.B., J.S.S., L.E.C., M.A.H., M.T., M.S.P., M.Y.S.), and Boston University (E.R.D.), Boston, and Beta Bionics, Concord (E.R.D., F.H.E.-K.) - all in Massachusetts; the Jaeb Center for Health Research, Tampa (R.W.B., K.J.R., Z.L., P.C.), and Nemours Children's Health Jacksonville, Jacksonville (N.M., M. Benson, K. Bird, K.E., J. Permuy) - both in Florida; the Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado, Aurora (R.P.W., G.F., R.S., L.H.M., E.C., V.N.S., S.P.); Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto (B.B., R.L., L.E., M.S.H., M. Basina), Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange (M.D., A. Bhangoo, N.F., H.K., F.S.), and the University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (J. Pettus, S.B.) - all in California; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (K.Z., B.H., L.O.); University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (P.R., P.C.W., A. Choudhary, J. Penn), and University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio (J.L., R.J., M.R., E.E., C.K., R.F.-P.); the University of Washington, Seattle (I.B.H., S.T.); the Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York (R.G., K.M.W., N.L.); the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (J.B.B., M.S.K., K. Bergamo, K.R.K., J.M.D., S. Machineni, L.A.Y., J.C.D.); the Henry Ford Health System, Detroit (D.K., A. Bhan, J.K.J.); Emory University, Atlanta (A.M., K.C., E.F.); Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis (J.B.M., M.S., J.M.S., S.A., A. Cedeno); Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC (F.C., S. Meighan, A.D.); and the Pritzker Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Ann and Robert Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago (J.W.-B.).
Julie M SilversteinThe authors' affiliations are as follows: the Diabetes Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital (S.J.R., C.A.B., J.S.S., L.E.C., M.A.H., M.T., M.S.P., M.Y.S.), and Boston University (E.R.D.), Boston, and Beta Bionics, Concord (E.R.D., F.H.E.-K.) - all in Massachusetts; the Jaeb Center for Health Research, Tampa (R.W.B., K.J.R., Z.L., P.C.), and Nemours Children's Health Jacksonville, Jacksonville (N.M., M. Benson, K. Bird, K.E., J. Permuy) - both in Florida; the Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado, Aurora (R.P.W., G.F., R.S., L.H.M., E.C., V.N.S., S.P.); Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto (B.B., R.L., L.E., M.S.H., M. Basina), Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange (M.D., A. Bhangoo, N.F., H.K., F.S.), and the University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (J. Pettus, S.B.) - all in California; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (K.Z., B.H., L.O.); University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (P.R., P.C.W., A. Choudhary, J. Penn), and University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio (J.L., R.J., M.R., E.E., C.K., R.F.-P.); the University of Washington, Seattle (I.B.H., S.T.); the Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York (R.G., K.M.W., N.L.); the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (J.B.B., M.S.K., K. Bergamo, K.R.K., J.M.D., S. Machineni, L.A.Y., J.C.D.); the Henry Ford Health System, Detroit (D.K., A. Bhan, J.K.J.); Emory University, Atlanta (A.M., K.C., E.F.); Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis (J.B.M., M.S., J.M.S., S.A., A. Cedeno); Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC (F.C., S. Meighan, A.D.); and the Pritzker Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Ann and Robert Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago (J.W.-B.).
Samantha AdamsonThe authors' affiliations are as follows: the Diabetes Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital (S.J.R., C.A.B., J.S.S., L.E.C., M.A.H., M.T., M.S.P., M.Y.S.), and Boston University (E.R.D.), Boston, and Beta Bionics, Concord (E.R.D., F.H.E.-K.) - all in Massachusetts; the Jaeb Center for Health Research, Tampa (R.W.B., K.J.R., Z.L., P.C.), and Nemours Children's Health Jacksonville, Jacksonville (N.M., M. Benson, K. Bird, K.E., J. Permuy) - both in Florida; the Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado, Aurora (R.P.W., G.F., R.S., L.H.M., E.C., V.N.S., S.P.); Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto (B.B., R.L., L.E., M.S.H., M. Basina), Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange (M.D., A. Bhangoo, N.F., H.K., F.S.), and the University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (J. Pettus, S.B.) - all in California; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (K.Z., B.H., L.O.); University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (P.R., P.C.W., A. Choudhary, J. Penn), and University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio (J.L., R.J., M.R., E.E., C.K., R.F.-P.); the University of Washington, Seattle (I.B.H., S.T.); the Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York (R.G., K.M.W., N.L.); the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (J.B.B., M.S.K., K. Bergamo, K.R.K., J.M.D., S. Machineni, L.A.Y., J.C.D.); the Henry Ford Health System, Detroit (D.K., A. Bhan, J.K.J.); Emory University, Atlanta (A.M., K.C., E.F.); Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis (J.B.M., M.S., J.M.S., S.A., A. Cedeno); Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC (F.C., S. Meighan, A.D.); and the Pritzker Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Ann and Robert Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago (J.W.-B.).
Andrea CedenoThe authors' affiliations are as follows: the Diabetes Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital (S.J.R., C.A.B., J.S.S., L.E.C., M.A.H., M.T., M.S.P., M.Y.S.), and Boston University (E.R.D.), Boston, and Beta Bionics, Concord (E.R.D., F.H.E.-K.) - all in Massachusetts; the Jaeb Center for Health Research, Tampa (R.W.B., K.J.R., Z.L., P.C.), and Nemours Children's Health Jacksonville, Jacksonville (N.M., M. Benson, K. Bird, K.E., J. Permuy) - both in Florida; the Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado, Aurora (R.P.W., G.F., R.S., L.H.M., E.C., V.N.S., S.P.); Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto (B.B., R.L., L.E., M.S.H., M. Basina), Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange (M.D., A. Bhangoo, N.F., H.K., F.S.), and the University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (J. Pettus, S.B.) - all in California; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (K.Z., B.H., L.O.); University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (P.R., P.C.W., A. Choudhary, J. Penn), and University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio (J.L., R.J., M.R., E.E., C.K., R.F.-P.); the University of Washington, Seattle (I.B.H., S.T.); the Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York (R.G., K.M.W., N.L.); the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (J.B.B., M.S.K., K. Bergamo, K.R.K., J.M.D., S. Machineni, L.A.Y., J.C.D.); the Henry Ford Health System, Detroit (D.K., A. Bhan, J.K.J.); Emory University, Atlanta (A.M., K.C., E.F.); Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis (J.B.M., M.S., J.M.S., S.A., A. Cedeno); Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC (F.C., S. Meighan, A.D.); and the Pritzker Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Ann and Robert Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago (J.W.-B.).
Seema MeighanThe authors' affiliations are as follows: the Diabetes Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital (S.J.R., C.A.B., J.S.S., L.E.C., M.A.H., M.T., M.S.P., M.Y.S.), and Boston University (E.R.D.), Boston, and Beta Bionics, Concord (E.R.D., F.H.E.-K.) - all in Massachusetts; the Jaeb Center for Health Research, Tampa (R.W.B., K.J.R., Z.L., P.C.), and Nemours Children's Health Jacksonville, Jacksonville (N.M., M. Benson, K. Bird, K.E., J. Permuy) - both in Florida; the Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado, Aurora (R.P.W., G.F., R.S., L.H.M., E.C., V.N.S., S.P.); Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto (B.B., R.L., L.E., M.S.H., M. Basina), Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange (M.D., A. Bhangoo, N.F., H.K., F.S.), and the University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (J. Pettus, S.B.) - all in California; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (K.Z., B.H., L.O.); University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (P.R., P.C.W., A. Choudhary, J. Penn), and University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio (J.L., R.J., M.R., E.E., C.K., R.F.-P.); the University of Washington, Seattle (I.B.H., S.T.); the Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York (R.G., K.M.W., N.L.); the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (J.B.B., M.S.K., K. Bergamo, K.R.K., J.M.D., S. Machineni, L.A.Y., J.C.D.); the Henry Ford Health System, Detroit (D.K., A. Bhan, J.K.J.); Emory University, Atlanta (A.M., K.C., E.F.); Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis (J.B.M., M.S., J.M.S., S.A., A. Cedeno); Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC (F.C., S. Meighan, A.D.); and the Pritzker Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Ann and Robert Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago (J.W.-B.).
Andrew DauberThe authors' affiliations are as follows: the Diabetes Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital (S.J.R., C.A.B., J.S.S., L.E.C., M.A.H., M.T., M.S.P., M.Y.S.), and Boston University (E.R.D.), Boston, and Beta Bionics, Concord (E.R.D., F.H.E.-K.) - all in Massachusetts; the Jaeb Center for Health Research, Tampa (R.W.B., K.J.R., Z.L., P.C.), and Nemours Children's Health Jacksonville, Jacksonville (N.M., M. Benson, K. Bird, K.E., J. Permuy) - both in Florida; the Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado, Aurora (R.P.W., G.F., R.S., L.H.M., E.C., V.N.S., S.P.); Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto (B.B., R.L., L.E., M.S.H., M. Basina), Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange (M.D., A. Bhangoo, N.F., H.K., F.S.), and the University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (J. Pettus, S.B.) - all in California; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (K.Z., B.H., L.O.); University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (P.R., P.C.W., A. Choudhary, J. Penn), and University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio (J.L., R.J., M.R., E.E., C.K., R.F.-P.); the University of Washington, Seattle (I.B.H., S.T.); the Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York (R.G., K.M.W., N.L.); the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (J.B.B., M.S.K., K. Bergamo, K.R.K., J.M.D., S. Machineni, L.A.Y., J.C.D.); the Henry Ford Health System, Detroit (D.K., A. Bhan, J.K.J.); Emory University, Atlanta (A.M., K.C., E.F.); Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis (J.B.M., M.S., J.M.S., S.A., A. Cedeno); Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC (F.C., S. Meighan, A.D.); and the Pritzker Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Ann and Robert Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago (J.W.-B.).
MGH Institute of Health Professions · US

Funding

Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism Training GrantT32DK007217 · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · 1987 to 2025
$1.8M
Pilot & Feasibility ProgramP30DK124723 · WAKE FOREST UNIVERSITY HEALTH SCIENCES · 2025 to 2025
$1.6M
Training Research Leaders in Type 1 DiabetesK12DK122550 · NIDDK · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI David Matthew Maahs · 2023 to 2023
$649k
NIDDK NIH HHS 1UC4DK108612-01NIDDK NIH HHS K12 DK122550NIDDK NIH HHS P30 DK124723NIDDK NIH HHS T32 DK007217NIDDK NIH HHS UC4 DK108612
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundCurrently available semiautomated insulin-delivery systems require individualized insulin regimens for the initialization of therapy and meal doses based on carbohydrate counting for routine operation. In contrast, the bionic pancreas is initialized only on the basis of body weight, makes all dose decisions and delivers insulin autonomously, and uses meal announcements without carbohydrate counting.

methodsIn this 13-week, multicenter, randomized trial, we randomly assigned in a 2:1 ratio persons at least 6 years of age with type 1 diabetes either to receive bionic pancreas treatment with insulin aspart or insulin lispro or to receive standard care (defined as any insulin-delivery method with unblinded, real-time continuous glucose monitoring). The primary outcome was the glycated hemoglobin level at 13 weeks. The key secondary outcome was the percentage of time that the glucose level as assessed by continuous glucose monitoring was below 54 mg per deciliter; the prespecified noninferiority limit for this outcome was 1 percentage point. Safety was also assessed.

resultsA total of 219 participants 6 to 79 years of age were assigned to the bionic-pancreas group, and 107 to the standard-care group. The glycated hemoglobin level decreased from 7.9% to 7.3% in the bionic-pancreas group and did not change (was at 7.7% at both time points) in the standard-care group (mean adjusted difference at 13 weeks, -0.5 percentage points; 95% confidence interval [CI], -0.6 to -0.3; P<0.001). The percentage of time that the glucose level as assessed by continuous glucose monitoring was below 54 mg per deciliter did not differ significantly between the two groups (13-week adjusted difference, 0.0 percentage points; 95% CI, -0.1 to 0.04; P<0.001 for noninferiority). The rate of severe hypoglycemia was 17.7 events per 100 participant-years in the bionic-pancreas group and 10.8 events per 100 participant-years in the standard-care group (P = 0.39). No episodes of diabetic ketoacidosis occurred in either group.

conclusionsIn this 13-week, randomized trial involving adults and children with type 1 diabetes, use of a bionic pancreas was associated with a greater reduction than standard care in the glycated hemoglobin level. (Funded by the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases and others; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT04200313.).

Indexed as

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1Hypoglycemic AgentsInsulin AspartInsulin Infusion SystemsInsulin LisproAdolescentAdultAgedBionicsBlood GlucoseBlood Glucose Self-MonitoringChildGlycated HemoglobinHumansInsulinMiddle AgedBlood GlucoseGlycated HemoglobinHypoglycemic AgentsInsulinInsulin AspartInsulin Lispro

Identifiers

PMID36170500
PMCPMC10028490
OpenAlexW4297519371

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.