ReviewDrugs2022
Varenicline Solution Nasal Spray: A Review in Dry Eye Disease.
Review in Drugs, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Efficacy and safety of varenicline nasal spray in dry eye disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.International ophthalmology · 2026Pooled it
- The efficacy and safety of varenicline nasal spray for the management of dry eye signs: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC ophthalmology · 2023Pooled it
- Varenicline Solution Nasal Spray for the Treatment of Dry Eye Disease in Sjogren's Disease: A Pilot Study.Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2025Trial
- Nose-to-Eye Delivery: The Potential of Intranasal Administration in Ophthalmology.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Matching-adjusted indirect comparison of acoltremon ophthalmic solution 0.003% and cyclosporine 0.05% ophthalmic emulsion for increased tear production in patients with dry eye disease.Journal of comparative effectiveness research · 2026Article
- Redefining Dry Eye Disease Management: Emerging Pharmacologic and Device-Based Therapies in the Era of Precision Care: A Narrative Review.Ophthalmology and therapy · 2026Review
- Advances in Pharmacotherapy and Physiotherapy for Dry Eye Disease: Molecular Mechanisms and Future Directions-A Narrative Literature Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- An Overview of Rheumatoid Arthritis-Associated Dry Eye Disease, Scleritis, and Peripheral Ulcerative Keratitis.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Current Diagnosis and Management of Ocular Graft-Versus-Host Disease at a Tertiary Cancer Center.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Beyond the Ocular Surface: Nasal Sensory Input as a Driver of Reflex Lacrimation in Dogs.Veterinary ophthalmology · 2026Article
- Post-marketing safety assessment of Tyrvaya: A real-world pharmacovigilance analysis based on the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System.Medicine · 2025Article
- Navigating the Dry Eye Therapeutic Puzzle: A Mechanism-Based Overview of Current Treatments.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Dry Eye Disease: Oxidative Stress on Ocular Surface and Cutting-Edge Antioxidants.Global challenges (Hoboken, NJ) · 2025Review
- A gatekeeper sympathetic control of lacrimal tear secretion and dry eye onset through the NA-Adra1a-Ucp2 pathway.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Challenges and advances in ocular mucous membrane pemphigoid (OMMP); from pathogenesis to treatment strategies.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2025Review
- Targeting α7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor for Modulating the Neuroinflammation of Dry Eye Disease Via Macrophages.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2025Article
- Quintessence of currently approved and upcoming treatments for dry eye disease.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2025Review
- To assess the effectiveness of Systane COMPLETE in improving meibomian gland score and in reducing symptoms of ocular dryness.Frontiers in ophthalmology · 2025Article
- Dry eye disease and psychosomatics-benefits of mind-body therapy for dry eye disease.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Review
- MEIBO (perfluorohexyloctane): a novel approach to treating dry eye disease.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Increasing endogenous tear film production via pharmacological neuroactivation of the nasolacrimal reflex [NLR; also known as the trigeminal parasympathetic pathway (TPP)] is a novel therapeutic approach to treating dry eye disease (DED). An intranasal formulation of the water-soluble, small-molecule, nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) agonist varenicline (Tyrvaya™) has been approved in the USA for the treatment of DED. Twice-daily administration of varenicline solution nasal spray resulted in rapid, statistically significant and clinically meaningful improvements in the signs and symptoms of DED over a period of 4 weeks in two pivotal studies (ONSET-1 and -2). The efficacy of varenicline solution was maintained over a longer-term period of 12 weeks in a third study (MYSTIC). Consistent with the nasal route of delivery, the most common adverse events reported by varenicline solution recipients were non-ocular in nature (mild and transient sneezing and cough). Thus, varenicline solution nasal spray is a rapidly-acting, effective and generally well tolerated treatment for DED that offers several potentially useful advantages over existing topical ocular therapies in terms of increasing endogenous tear secretion and reducing ophthalmic treatment burden.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.