ArticleeLife2022
Label-free imaging of M1 and M2 macrophage phenotypes in the human dermis in vivo using two-photon excited FLIM.
Article in eLife, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 27 citations in OpenAlex.
- Comparative Evaluation of Plant-Derived Virus-like Particles as Intratumoral Immunotherapy Agents.Vaccines · 2026Article
- Lifetime chemical sensor arrays of organic fluorophores for bacterial fingerprinting.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Engineering macrophage responses through 3D scaffold microarchitecture.Materials today. Bio · 2025Article
- Two-photon NAD(P)H-FLIM reveals unperturbed energy metabolism of Ascaris suum larvae, in contrast to host macrophages upon artemisinin derivatives exposure.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Unravelling approaches to study macrophages: from classical to novel biophysical methodologies.PeerJ · 2025Review
- Chronic compression induces transcriptional, metabolic, and functional state changes in macrophages that recapitulate tumor-associated phenotypes.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Machine Learning-Assisted Near-Infrared Spectral Fingerprinting for Macrophage Phenotyping.ACS nano · 2024Article
- Modulating and Imaging Macrophage Reprogramming for Cancer Immunotherapy.Phenomics (Cham, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Imaging immunometabolismImmunometabolism (Cobham, Surrey) · 2024Article
- 3D convolutional neural networks predict cellular metabolic pathway use from fluorescence lifetime decay data.APL bioengineering · 2024Article
- Applications of machine learning in time-domain fluorescence lifetime imaging: a review.Methods and applications in fluorescence · 2024Review
- Optical Methods for Non-Invasive Determination of Skin Penetration: Current Trends, Advances, Possibilities, Prospects, and Translation into In Vivo Human Studies.Pharmaceutics · 2023Review
- Single cell metabolic imaging of tumor and immune cellsFrontiers in oncology · 2023Article
- Penetration Depth of Propylene Glycol, Sodium Fluorescein and Nile Red into the Skin Using Non-Invasive Two-Photon Excited FLIM.Pharmaceutics · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Macrophages (ΜΦs) are important immune effector cells that promote (M1 ΜΦs) or inhibit (M2 ΜΦs) inflammation and are involved in numerous physiological and pathogenic immune responses. Their precise role and relevance, however, are not fully understood for lack of noninvasive quantification methods. Here, we show that two-photon excited fluorescence lifetime imaging (TPE-FLIM), a label-free noninvasive method, can visualize ΜΦs in the human dermis in vivo. We demonstrate in vitro that human dermal ΜΦs exhibit specific TPE-FLIM properties that distinguish them from the main components of the extracellular matrix and other dermal cells. We visualized ΜΦs, their phenotypes and phagocytosis in the skin of healthy individuals in vivo using TPE-FLIM. Additionally, machine learning identified M1 and M2 MФs with a sensitivity of 0.88±0.04 and 0.82±0.03 and a specificity of 0.89±0.03 and 0.90±0.03, respectively. In clinical research, TPE-FLIM can advance the understanding of the role of MФs in health and disease.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.