ArticleBMJ open2022
Assessing the role of depressive symptoms in the association between social engagement and cognitive functioning among older adults: analysis of cross-sectional data from the Longitudinal Aging Study in India (LASI).
Article in BMJ open, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 20 citations in OpenAlex.
- Social engagement, formal education, and cognitive outcomes among older adults in India: A longitudinal population-based study.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Article
- Article
- Later-life migration and depression among older adults in India: examining the role of functional limitations.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Social Engagement, Depressive Symptoms, and Loneliness, and Longitudinal Cognitive Decline in a Population-Based Cohort of Older Adults.The American journal of geriatric psychiatry. Open science, education, and practice · 2025Article
- Prevalence and associated factors of mammography uptake among the women aged 45 years and above: policy implications from the longitudinal ageing study in India wave I survey.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Cross-national statistical harmonization of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D) scale among older adults in China, England, India, Mexico, South Africa, and the United States.Journal of clinical epidemiology · 2025Article
- ADL and Cognitive Function in Chinese Elderly: Mediating Role of Social Participation and Moderating Role of Intergenerational Support.Journal of multidisciplinary healthcare · 2025Article
- The influence of social participation and depressive symptoms on cognition among middle-aged and older adults.Heliyon · 2024Article
- Gender differences in geriatric depressive symptoms in urban China: the role of ADL and sensory and communication abilities.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2024Article
- Gender differences in the association between cardiovascular diseases and major depressive disorder among older adults in India.Dialogues in health · 2023Article
- Food insecurity and cognitive function in older adults: findings from the longitudinal aging study in India.BMC psychiatry · 2023Article
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3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
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Abstract
objectiveThe present study aimed to examine the confounding effects of depressive symptoms and the role of gender in the association between social engagement and cognitive functioning among older Indian adults.
designLarge-scale cross-sectional survey data were analysed. SETTING AND
participantsData from the Longitudinal Aging Study in India (2017-2019) were used in the analysis. The sample included 23 584 individuals aged 60 years and above (11 403 men and 12 181 women). OUTCOME MEASURES: The outcome variable was cognitive functioning, which was based on various measures including immediate and delayed word recall, orientation, executive functioning, arithmetic ability and object naming. Social engagement measure consists of marital status, living arrangement, availability of confidant, and participation in indoor games, and social and cultural functions. The Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression Scale was used to assess depressive symptoms.
resultsSignificant gender differences in mean cognition scores (men: 25.8, women: 21.1; on a scale of 0-43) were observed. Two-way stratification between social engagement and depressive symptoms was significantly associated with cognitive functioning after controlling for selected explanatory factors. Older men with a low level of social engagements had significantly poor cognitive functioning (β=-1.12; 95% CI: -1.53 to -0.72) compared with men with a high level of social engagements. On the other hand, women with a higher level of social engagement performed poorly on cognitive tests (β=-1.54; 95% CI: -2.11 to -0.98) compared with men with higher social engagements. Three-way stratification between social engagement, gender and depressive symptoms suggests that social engagement's buffering effects are lower in women than in men. The Karlson-Holm-Breen method identified a significant confounding effect of depressive symptoms on the relationship between social engagement and cognitive functioning.
conclusionThe positive association of social engagement with cognitive functioning was significantly confounded by depressive symptoms, suggesting the need for maintaining social relations that help improve mental health and cognitive functioning among older adults.
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