SynthesisEuropean journal of medical research2022
COVID-19 mortality in patients with immunodeficiency and its predictors: a systematic review.
Synthesis in European journal of medical research, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 35 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
35 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 63 citations in OpenAlex.
- Disparities in COVID-19 mortality amongst the immunosuppressed: A systematic review and meta-analysis for enhanced disease surveillance.The Journal of infection · 2024Pooled it
- Multimorbidity and frailty are associated with poorer SARS-CoV-2-related outcomes: systematic review of population-based studies.Aging clinical and experimental research · 2024Pooled it
- Optimal resource allocation model for COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC infectious diseases · 2024Pooled it
- The effect of macronutrient and micronutrient supplements on COVID-19: an umbrella review.Journal of health, population, and nutrition · 2024Pooled it
- Estimating Hidden Population Size of COVID-19 using Respondent-Driven Sampling Method - A Systematic Review.Infectious disorders drug targets · 2024Pooled it
- Trial
- Mortality trends for diabetes mellitus, hypertension and cardiovascular disease among people living with and without HIV in Brazil during the COVID-19 pandemic, 2020-2022.HIV medicine · 2026Article
- Identification of Clinical Factors Associated With the Immunogenicity of Homologous ChAdOx1-nCoV-19 Vaccine in Hemodialysis Patients.The Kaohsiung journal of medical sciences · 2026Article
- COVID-19 mortality among people living with HIV/AIDS in Brazil: a multilevel analysis.AIDS research and therapy · 2025Article
- Nationwide longitudinal analysis of COVID-19 hospitalisation burden in immunocompromised patients.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Dissecting clinical features of COVID-19 in a cohort of 21,312 acute care patients.Communications medicine · 2025Article
- COVID-19 in the years 2020 to 2022 in Germany: effects of comorbidities and co-medications based on a large-scale database analysis.BMC public health · 2025Article
- CD4Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Article
- Feasibility and Effectiveness of Vaccines for COVID-19: An Umbrella Review.Archives of academic emergency medicine · 2025Review
- The immunologic outcomes and adverse events of COVID-19 vaccine booster dose in immunosuppressed people: A systematic review.Preventive medicine reports · 2024Review
- SARS-CoV-2 Infection during Delivery Causes Histopathological Changes in the Placenta.Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Lung infections in immunocompromised children.Pediatric radiology · 2024Review
- Castleman disease patients report mild COVID-19 symptoms and mount a humoral response to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination.Blood neoplasia · 2024Article
- Prognostic indicators for hospitalization and ICU admission in people with multiple sclerosis and COVID-19: an analysis of the COVID-19 in MS global data sharing initiative dataset.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2024Article
- Association of gut microbiota with the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in people living with HIV.BMC microbiology · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
14 authors at 9 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionPatients with immunodeficiency are usually more prone to worse outcomes of infectious diseases. However, there are some disagreements in the context of COVID-19, for example, in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Herein, we aimed to systematically review the risk and predictors of COVID-19 mortality in people with primary or secondary immunodeficiency.
methodsPubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Science Direct were searched. We followed a two-step screening process to identify eligible results. We first reviewed the title and abstract of the records and the unqualified studies were removed. Then, their full texts were evaluated based on their coherence with the purpose and inclusion/exclusion criteria, and those eligible for qualitative synthesis were included.
resultsTwenty-two articles were included, which investigated a total of 109,326 with primary or secondary immunodeficiencies. Three studies investigated the pediatric and infant population, while other studies were conducted on the adult population. Overall, studies on both primary and secondary immunodeficiency conflicted as some reported higher and some mentioned lower mortality rates in patients with immunodeficiency.
conclusionsOverall, there were two points of view in both types of immunodeficiencies. The first is the classical viewpoint that all immunodeficient patients are at a higher risk of infection leading to a higher mortality rate. The second types of studies found that immunodeficiency might play a less important or even an inverse role in mortality rates by lowering the severity of the inflammatory response. However, it is important to take note to comorbidities, such as DM, HTN, CAD, ESRD, history of lower respiratory infection, etc., and demographic factors, such as obesity and age > 70 years, as they appear to influence the mortality rate, especially in patients with secondary immunodeficiency.
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What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.