SynthesisFrontiers in molecular neuroscience2022
General anesthesia in children and long-term neurodevelopmental deficits: A systematic review.
Synthesis in Frontiers in molecular neuroscience, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 36 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
36 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 62 citations in OpenAlex.
- Can growing patients with end-stage TMJ pathology be successfully treated with alloplastic temporomandibular joint reconstruction? - A systematic review.Oral and maxillofacial surgery · 2024Pooled it
- Virtual reality simulations to alleviate fear and anxiety in children awaiting MRI: a small-scale randomized controlled trial.Journal of clinical monitoring and computing · 2025Trial
- Reducing the Carbon Footprint of Hand Surgery: An Environmental Analysis of the Wide Awake Local Anesthesia No Tourniquet Approach for Pediatric Trigger Thumb Release.Journal of hand surgery global online · 2026Article
- Transnasal endoscopy and the use of virtual reality: a case report.Journal of medical case reports · 2026Article
- Clinical outcomes of thulium fiber laser versus holmium:YAG laser during pediatric retrograde ıntrarenal surgery: a multicenter cohort study.International urology and nephrology · 2026Article
- Effectiveness of the nucleus SmartNav system in detecting and preventing electrode tip fold-overs: a multi-centre retrospective analysis of 213 cochlear implantations.The Journal of laryngology and otology · 2026Article
- Double J stenting versus non-stenting in pediatric kidney transplantation: a retrospective single-center comparative study.International urology and nephrology · 2026Article
- Custom-made cervical orthosis for pediatric neck scar contracture: a self-controlled case series.BMC pediatrics · 2026Article
- Novel advances in juvenile idiopathic arthritis associated uveitis.Arthritis research & therapy · 2026Review
- Developmental stage-dependent neurotoxicity of sevoflurane: evidence from brain organoids.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2026Review
- Metabolism-corrected propofol exposure intensity and long-term intelligence quotient in pediatric febrile infection-related epilepsy syndrome: a retrospective cohort study.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Knowledge, attitudes, and practices of parents of pediatric patients undergoing eye surgery under general anesthesia: a cross-sectional study.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Article
- Anesthetic-induced epigenetic alterations: mechanisms and long-term clinical implications.Epigenetics · 2025Review
- Article
- Hyperselective neurectomy for spastic equinovarus in pediatric patients with hypertonia.Journal of pediatric rehabilitation medicine · 2025Article
- Comparing the effect of remimazolam and propofol anesthesia on extubation time, hospital stay and psychological wellbeing post pediatric tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy.BMC pediatrics · 2025Article
- Imaging Modalities in Craniosynostosis: A Systematic Review and Proposal of the ARCANA Protocol for Multimodal Radiation-Free Assessment.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Short- and long-term effects of single neonatal exposure to propofol anesthesia on cognitive function.The Journal of international medical research · 2025Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Millions of children experienced surgery procedures requiring general anesthesia (GA). Any potential neurodevelopmental risks of pediatric anesthesia can be a serious public health issue. Various animal studies have provided evidence that commonly used GA induced a variety of morphofunctional alterations in the developing brain of juvenile animals. Methods: We conducted a systematic review to provide a brief overview of preclinical studies and summarize the existing clinical studies. Comprehensive literature searches of PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, OVID Medline, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library were conducted using the relevant search terms "general anesthesia," "neurocognitive outcome," and "children." We included studies investigating children who were exposed to single or multiple GA before 18, with long-term neurodevelopment outcomes evaluated after the exposure(s). Results: Seventy-two clinical studies originating from 18 different countries published from 2000 to 2022 are included in this review, most of which are retrospective studies ( Conclusion: Based on current studies, it is necessary to endeavor to limit the duration and numbers of anesthesia and the dose of anesthetic agents. For future studies, we require cohort studies with rich sources of data and appropriate outcome measures, and carefully designed and adequately powered clinical trials testing plausible interventions in relevant patient populations.
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What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.