ArticleAmerican journal of obstetrics and gynecology2023
Systemic inflammation and menstrual cycle length in a prospective cohort study.
Article in American journal of obstetrics and gynecology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 15 citations in OpenAlex.
- Inflammatory mechanisms of menstrual cycle changes following COVID-19 vaccination in adolescents.Vaccine · 2026Article
- Uncovering immune signatures of the endometrium in heavy menstrual bleeding: a cross-sectional study.Obstetrics & gynecology science · 2026Article
- Article
- Understanding Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Women From Puberty to Menopause.Gastroenterology & hepatology · 2025Article
- Oura Ring as a Tool for Ovulation Detection: Validation Analysis.Journal of medical Internet research · 2025Article
- Inflammation and Ovarian Function in Reproductive-Aged Women.American journal of human biology : the official journal of the Human Biology Council · 2025Article
- Diet and female fertility: a population-based study re-evaluating the need for prescriptive dietary patterns.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Article
- Effects of menstrual disorders and dysmenorrhea on cardiovascular disease: a Mendelian randomization study.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2024Article
- Evaluation of Proteasome and Immunoproteasome Levels in Plasma and Peritoneal Fluid in Patients with Endometriosis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundLocal inflammation plays an important role in normal folliculogenesis and ovulation, and conditions of chronic systemic inflammation, such as obesity and polycystic ovarian syndrome, can disrupt normal follicular dynamics.
objectiveThis study aimed to determine the association between systemic inflammation, as measured by C-reactive protein levels, and menstrual cycle length. STUDY
designThis study was a secondary analysis using data from Time to Conceive, a prospective time-to-pregnancy cohort study. The association between cycle length and C-reactive protein was analyzed using multivariable linear mixed and marginal models adjusted for age, race, education, body mass index, time since oral contraceptive use, alcohol, smoking, caffeine consumption, and exercise. Time to Conceive enrolled women aged 30 to 44 years with no history of infertility who were attempting to conceive for <3 months. Serum C-reactive protein levels were measured on cycle day 2, 3, or 4. Participants recorded daily menstrual cycle data for ≤4 months.
resultsMain outcome measures included menstrual cycle length and follicular and luteal phase lengths. Multivariable analysis included 1409 cycles from 414 women. There was no linear association between C-reactive protein levels and menstrual cycle length. However, compared with <1 mg/L, a C-reactive protein level >10 mg/L was associated with >3 times the odds (adjusted odds ratio, 3.7; 95% confidence interval, 1.67-8.11) of long cycles (defined as ≥35 days). When evaluating follicular phase length, a C-reactive protein level of >10 mg/L was associated both with follicular phases that were 1.7 (95% confidence interval, 0.23-3.09) days longer and with >2 times the odds of a long follicular phase (adjusted odds ratio, 2.2; 95% confidence interval, 1.05-4.74).
conclusionThere is a potential pathophysiological association between systemic inflammation and menstrual cycle changes. Further studies are needed to determine if systemic inflammation alters the menstrual cycle or if long menstrual cycles are a marker for elevated systemic inflammation.
Indexed as
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What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.