ReviewFrontiers in microbiology2022
Activation of TLR4 by viral glycoproteins: A double-edged sword?
Review in Frontiers in microbiology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 55 citations in OpenAlex.
- Host genetic factors modulating dengue virus: a systematic review of TLR polymorphisms.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Pooled it
- Reciprocal control of viral infection and phosphoinositide dynamics.FEBS letters · 2026Review
- Innate immunity: current understandings and future perspectives.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Review
- In Silico Modeling of Structural Compatibility and Alignment Between Viral Class I Fusion Cores and Human TLR4/MD-2.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Nociceptor neurons shape antiviral immunity.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2026Review
- Humanized extracellular vesicles for efficient RNA delivery.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Humanized Extracellular Vesicles for Efficient RNA Delivery.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Topoisomerase IIα orchestrates secretion of IL-6 and IL-8 with human papillomavirus replication.Virologica Sinica · 2025Article
- The Role of Toll-like Receptors and Viral Infections in the Pathogenesis and Progression of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension-A Narrative Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Ursodeoxycholic Acid Attenuates B Cell Susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein by Interfering Its Binding to ACE2.Biomolecules & therapeutics · 2025Article
- Dengue virus NS1 protein does not activate TLR4 and has a modest effect on endothelial monolayer integrity compared to TNF.PLoS pathogens · 2025Article
- Article
- Development of a Broad-Spectrum Pan-Mpox Vaccine via Immunoinformatic Approaches.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Human Alveolar Macrophages Detect SARS-CoV-2 Envelope Protein Through TLR2 and TLR4 and Secrete Cytokines in Response.Immunology · 2025Article
- The MAPK Response to Virus Infection Is Modified by Probenecid.Current issues in molecular biology · 2025Review
- Differences in Phage Recognition and Immunogenicity Contribute to Divergent Human Immune Responses to Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae Phages.European journal of immunology · 2025Article
- A self-adjuvant multiantigenic nanovaccines simultaneously activate the antiviral and antitumor immunity for the treatment of cancers.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2025Article
- FSTL1 and TLR4 interact with PEDV structural proteins to promote virus adsorption to host cells.Journal of virology · 2025Article
- The Possible Mechanistic Basis of Individual Susceptibility to Spike Protein Injury.Advances in virology · 2025Review
- The immune receptors TLR4 and SLAMF1 regulate TNF release by human metapneumovirus in human macrophages.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Recognition of viral infection by pattern recognition receptors is paramount for a successful immune response to viral infection. However, an unbalanced proinflammatory response can be detrimental to the host. Recently, multiple studies have identified that the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein activates Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), resulting in the induction of proinflammatory cytokine expression. Activation of TLR4 by viral glycoproteins has also been observed in the context of other viral infection models, including respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), dengue virus (DENV) and Ebola virus (EBOV). However, the mechanisms involved in virus-TLR4 interactions have remained unclear. Here, we review viral glycoproteins that act as pathogen-associated molecular patterns to induce an immune response
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.