SynthesisFrontiers in immunology2022
In search of immune cellular sources of abnormal cytokines in the blood in autism spectrum disorder: A systematic review of case-control studies.
Synthesis in Frontiers in immunology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 31 citations in OpenAlex.
- In search of immune cellular sources of abnormal cytokines in the blood in autism spectrum disorder: A systematic review of case-control studies.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Pooled it
- Efficacy and safety of allogeneic umbilical cord blood mononuclear cells therapy in children with autism spectrum disorder and immune dysregulation: a single-center, double-blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled trial.Stem cell research & therapy · 2026Trial
- Maternal and neonatal cytokine profiles in a twin cohort: evidence from an exploratory pilot study of perinatal immune dysregulation in autism.Pediatric research · 2026Article
- Altered Stool Cytokine Profiles and Pro-Inflammatory/Anti-Inflammatory Imbalance in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Developmental Analysis.Biomedicines · 2026Article
- Immunometabolic Stratification of Autism Spectrum Disorder by CD4Metabolites · 2026Article
- The NLRP3 Inflammasome in Neuropsychiatric Disorders: Molecular Mechanisms and Emerging Therapeutic Strategies.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Serum BAFF, APRIL, TWEAK, TNFSF18, TNFR2, and TNFRS12A levels in preschool children with autism spectrum disorder.International journal of developmental disabilities · 2026Article
- Research on the role of gut microbiota metabolites in autism by multi-omics and network pharmacology.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Article
- The relationship between functional brain connectivity and neuroinflammatory processes-new insights into the pathomechanisms of ASD.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2026Review
- Neuroinflammation and autism: what have we learned so far?International journal of developmental disabilities · 2026Article
- Article
- A multi-omics approach reveals dysregulated TNF-related signaling pathways in circulating NK and T cell subsets of young children with autism.Genes and immunity · 2025Article
- The Impact of Seasonality on Mental Health Disorders: A Narrative Review and Extension of the Immunoseasonal Theory.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Serum interleukin-17 A and homocysteine levels in children with autism.BMC neuroscience · 2024Article
- Identification of Immune Infiltration and Iron Metabolism-Related Subgroups in Autism Spectrum Disorder.Journal of molecular neuroscience : MN · 2024Article
- Cognitive inflexibility and immunome biomarkers in children with autism spectrum disorder.Neuroscience applied · 2024Article
- Neurodevelopmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders.Advances in neurobiology · 2024Review
- Discovery of a novel cytokine signature for the diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder in young Arab children in Qatar.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2024Article
- Exogenous IL-17A Alleviates Social Behavior Deficits and Increases Neurogenesis in a Murine Model of Autism Spectrum Disorders.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Differences of gut microbiota and behavioral symptoms between two subgroups of autistic children based on γδT cells-derived IFN-γ Levels: A preliminary study.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Abnormal cytokine levels in circulating blood have been repeatedly reported in autism; however, the underlying cause remains unclear. This systematic review aimed to investigate cytokine levels in peripheral blood compartments and identify their potential immune cellular sources in subjects with autism through comparison with controls. We conducted an electronic database search (PubMed, Scopus, ProQuest Central, Ovid, SAGE Journals, and Wiley Online Library) from inception (no time limits) to July 9, 2020, and identified 75 relevant articles. Our qualitative data synthesis focused on results consistently described in at least three independent studies, and we reported the results according to the PRISMA protocol. We found that compared with controls, in subjects with autism, cytokines IL-6, IL-17, TNF-α, and IL-1β increased in the plasma and serum. We also identified monocytes, neutrophils, and CD4+ T cells as potential sources of these elevated cytokines in autism. Cytokines IFN- Systematic Review Registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42020205224, identifier [CRD42020205224].
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What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.