Evidence map›Paper›PMID 36280136›Full record

Observational studyThe journal of allergy and clinical immunology. In practice2023

COVID-19 Severity, Cardiological Outcome, and Immunogenicity of mRNA Vaccine on Adult Patients With 22q11.2 DS.

Federica Pulvirenti, Eva Piano Mortari, Carolina Putotto, Sara Terreri, Ane Fernandez Salinas, Bianca Laura Cinicola, Eleonora Cimini, Giulia Di Napoli, Eleonora Sculco, Cinzia Milito and 5 more

Open access · greenAbstract readObservational Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Observational study in The journal of allergy and clinical immunology. In practice, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed
0.4field-weighted citation impact, top 41% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed, 6 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Vaccine immunity in patients with 22q11.2 microdeletion syndrome.Pediatric allergy and immunology : official publication of the European Society of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology · 2025
    Observational
  2. Review
  3. Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

15 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.

Federica PulvirentiReference Center for Primary Immune Deficiencies, AOU Policlinico Umberto I, Rome, Italy. Electronic address: Federica.pulvirenti.md@gmail.com.
Eva Piano MortariB Cell Unit, Immunology Research Area, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Viale di San Paolo, Rome, Italy; Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
Carolina PutottoPediatric Cardiology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sapienza University of Rome, Policlinico Umberto I, 00161 Rome, Italy.
Sara TerreriB Cell Unit, Immunology Research Area, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Viale di San Paolo, Rome, Italy.
Ane Fernandez SalinasB Cell Unit, Immunology Research Area, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Viale di San Paolo, Rome, Italy.
Bianca Laura CinicolaDepartment of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy; Department of Maternal Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy Viale Regina Elena, 324 00161, Rome, Italy.
Eleonora CiminiCellular Immunology Laboratory, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
Giulia Di NapoliDepartment of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
Eleonora SculcoDepartment of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
Cinzia MilitoDepartment of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
Paolo VersacciPediatric Cardiology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sapienza University of Rome, Policlinico Umberto I, 00161 Rome, Italy.
Chiara AgratiCellular Immunology Laboratory, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
Bruno MarinoPediatric Cardiology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sapienza University of Rome, Policlinico Umberto I, 00161 Rome, Italy.
Rita CarsettiB Cell Unit, Immunology Research Area, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Viale di San Paolo, Rome, Italy.
Isabella QuintiDepartment of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
Sapienza University of Rome · ITPoliclinico Umberto I · ITIstituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico · ITIstituto Nazionale per le Malattie Infettive Lazzaro Spallanzani · ITBambino Gesù Children's Hospital · IT

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe contemporaneous presence of immune defects and heart diseases in patients with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11.3DS) might represent risk factors for severe coronavirus 2019 disease (COVID-19).

objectiveTo analyze severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) outcome in 22q11.2DS patients and immunogenicity of different doses of mRNA SARS-CoV-2 vaccine.

methodsLongitudinal observational study on SARS-CoV-2 outcome in 60 adults with 22q11.2DS (March 2020-June 2022). Anti-Spike, and anti-receptor binding domain (RBD) antibody responses, generation of Spike-specific memory B cells (MBCs) and Spike-specific T cells at different time points before and after the mRNA BNT162b2 vaccination were evaluated in 16 22q11.2DS patients.

resultsWe recorded a 95% rate of vaccination, with almost all patients being immunized with the booster dose. Twenty-one patients had SARS-CoV-2 infection. Three patients were infected before vaccine availability, 6 after receiving 2 doses of vaccine, and 12 after one booster dose. The SARS-CoV-2- infection had a mild course, except in one unvaccinated patient with several comorbidities who died from acute respiratory distress syndrome (fatality rate 5%). Infected patients had more frequently moderate/severe intellectual disability, lymphopenia, and lower CD4+ count. Despite major congenital heart diseases, COVID-19 did not impact cardiological conditions. The BNT162b2 vaccine induced S1-immunoglobulin G (IgG) responses, low serum S1-IgA, and slightly impaired specific MBCs response. Specific T-cell responses observed were related to lymphocytes and CD4+ T cell counts.

conclusionsThe SARS-CoV-2 infection had a mild course in most patients with 22q11.2DS, even in patients with major cardiovascular diseases. Immunization induced Spike-specific IgG responses and generated specific MBCs and memory T cells. The weaker memory responses in patients with lymphopenia suggested the need for additional doses.

Indexed as

COVID-19DiGeorge SyndromeLymphopeniaAdultBNT162 VaccineCOVID-19 VaccinesHumansmRNA VaccinesSARS-CoV-2VaccinationBNT162 VaccineCOVID-19 VaccinesmRNA Vaccines22q11.2 deletion syndromeCardiovascular diseaseCD4 T cellsCOVID-19LymphopeniamRNA BNT162b2 vaccineSARS-CoV-2 infectionSpecific memory B cellsSpecific T cellsSpike antibody response

Identifiers

PMID36280136
PMCPMC9584833
OpenAlexW4306978024

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.