SynthesisGut microbes
The association between early life antibiotic exposure and the gut resistome of young children: a systematic review.
Synthesis in Gut microbes. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed.
- Antibiotic Exposure and Periodontal Susceptibility: A Risk-Modifying Hypothesis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Distinct infant resistome trajectories shaped by country income and geography revealed through global metagenomics reanalysis.npj antimicrobials and resistance · 2026Article
- Lifestyle associates with unique resistome and microbiome signatures in children.BMC microbiology · 2026Article
- Microplastic-associated gut microbial profile and antibiotic resistance in preschool children: a multicentre cross-sectional study in China.EBioMedicine · 2026Article
- Early childhood antibiotic exposure, gut microbial balance and immune dysregulation.Bioinformation · 2026Article
- Effect of perinatal ampicillin or amoxicillin/clavulanate exposure on maternal and infant gut microbiome, metabolome, and infant responses to the 20-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine.Gut microbes reports · 2026Article
- Effect of Perinatal Ampicillin or Amoxicillin/Clavulanate Exposure on Maternal and Infant Gut Microbiome, Metabolome, and Infant Responses to the 20-valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Gut Resistome and Hearing Loss in Young Adults: A Preliminary Study on the Interplay Between Microbial Resistance and Auditory Health.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Effects of commonly used antibiotics on children's developing gut microbiomes and resistomes in peri-urban Lima, Peru.The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy · 2025Article
- The butterfly effect: collateral damage and impacts of antimicrobial strategies on the oral microbiome.npj antimicrobials and resistance · 2025Review
- Neonatology: First Exposure to Antibiotics from the Ethical Perspective of Parents, Physicians, and Regulators.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Antibiotic exposure is associated with minimal gut microbiome perturbations in healthy term infants.Microbiome · 2025Article
- Microbial beginnings: determinants and disruptions of the neonatal microbiome.Frontiers in microbiology · 2025Review
- Effects of commonly used antibiotics on children's developing gut microbiomes and resistomes in peri-urban Lima, Peru.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2024Article
- Kidney transplantation and gut microbiota.Clinical kidney journal · 2024Review
- Exploring ex vivo biofilm dynamics: consequences of low ampicillin concentrations on the human oral microbiome.NPJ biofilms and microbiomes · 2024Article
- Old Folks, Bad Boon: Antimicrobial Resistance in the Infant Gut Microbiome.Microorganisms · 2023Review
- Metagenomics analysis of the neonatal intestinal resistome.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is a growing public health burden, but little is known about the effects of antibiotic exposure on the gut resistome. As childhood (0-5 years) represents a sensitive window of microbiome development and a time of relatively high antibiotic use, the aims of this systematic review were to evaluate the effects of antibiotic exposure on the gut resistome of young children and identify knowledge gaps. We searched PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. A PICO framework was developed to determine eligibility criteria. Our main outcomes were the mean or median difference in overall resistance gene load and resistome alpha diversity by antibiotic exposure groups. Bias assessment was completed using RoB 2 and ROBINS-I with quality of evidence assessed via the GRADE criteria. From 4885 records identified, 14 studies (3 randomized controlled trials and 11 observational studies) were included in the qualitative review. Eight studies that included information on antibiotic exposure and overall resistance gene load reported no or positive associations. Inconsistent associations were identified for the nine studies that assessed resistome alpha diversity. We identified three main groups of studies based on study design, location, participants, antibiotic exposures, and indication for antibiotics. Overall, the quality of evidence for our main outcomes was rated low or very low, mainly due to potential bias from the selective of reporting results and confounding. We found evidence that antibiotic exposure is associated with changes to the overall gut resistance gene load of children and may influence the diversity of antimicrobial resistance genes. Given the overall quality of the studies, more research is needed to assess how antibiotics impact the resistome of other populations. Nonetheless, this evidence indicates that the gut resistome is worthwhile to consider for antibiotic prescribing practices.
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What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.