ArticleBiomedicines2022
CD44 Promotes Breast Cancer Metastasis through AKT-Mediated Downregulation of Nuclear FOXA2.
Article in Biomedicines, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 32 citations in OpenAlex.
- Adapalene inhibits the activity of CD44, a cancer stem cell biomarker in Triple negative breast cancer.Molecular biology reports · 2026Article
- FOXA2 promotes the occurrence and development of osteosarcoma cells by regulating ferroptosis through the Rheb/mTOR axis.World journal of surgical oncology · 2026Article
- CDKN1A/p21 Influences the Survival and Expansion of Breast Cancer Stem Cells after Oxidative Damage.Oncology research · 2026Article
- PI3 K/AKT/mTOR pathway and its role in breast cancer stem cells.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2025Review
- A biofabricated 3D cancer-stroma tumor microenvironment model.Biofabrication · 2025Article
- Endometriosis in para-aortic lymph nodes without any pelvic endometriosis: the first case report, sequencing analysis and literature review.BMC women's health · 2025Review
- Albumin/Hyaluronic Acid Gel Nanoparticles Loaded with a Pyrimidine-Based Drug for Potent Anticancer Activity.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- CD44 as a Central Integrator of Inflammation and Fibrosis: From Molecular Signaling to Environmental Modulation.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Biomarkers, isolation methods, and therapeutic implications of breast cancer stem cells.Cancer pathogenesis and therapy · 2025Review
- Fumiquinazolines F and G from the FungusInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- A novel CD44-targeting aptamer recognizes chemoresistant mesenchymal stem-like TNBC cells and inhibits tumor growth.Bioactive materials · 2025Article
- CD44 Marks Dormant Tumor Cells After HER2 Inhibition in Breast Cancer Cells.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Bupivacaine Reduces the Viability of SH-SY5Y Cells and Promotes Apoptosis by the Inhibition of Akt Signaling Pathway.Neurochemical research · 2025Article
- The Role of the Fox Gene in Breast Cancer Progression.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Correlation of CD44 Protein Expression with Larger Tumor Size and Advanced Stage of Breast Cancer Patients.Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP · 2024Article
- Article
- A pH-triggered N-oxide polyzwitterionic nano-drug loaded system for the anti-tumor immunity activation research.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2024Article
- Active Targeting Hyaluronan Conjugated Nanoprobe for Magnetic Particle Imaging and Near-Infrared Fluorescence Imaging of Breast Cancer and Lung Metastasis.ACS applied materials & interfaces · 2024Article
- Toward Characterizing Lymphatic Vasculature in the Mammary Gland During Normal Development and Tumor-Associated Remodeling.Journal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia · 2024Review
- AKT1 induces Nanog promoter in a SUMOylation-dependent manner in different pluripotent contexts.BMC research notes · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The primary cause of breast cancer mortality is the metastatic invasion of cancerous stem cells (CSC). Cluster of differentiation 44 (CD44) is a well-known CSC marker in various cancers, as well as a key role player in metastasis and relapse of breast cancer. CD44 is a cell-membrane embedded protein, and it interacts with different proteins to regulate cancer cell behavior. Transcription factor forkhead box protein A2 (FOXA2) acts as an important regulator in multiple cancers, including breast cancer. However, the biological significance of CD44-FOXA2 association in breast cancer metastasis remains unclear. Herein, we observed that CD44 expression was higher in metastatic lymph nodes compared to primary tumors using a flow cytometric analysis. CD44 overexpression in breast cancer cell lines significantly promoted cell migration and invasion abilities, whereas the opposite effects occurred upon the knockdown of CD44. The stem cell array analysis revealed that FOXA2 expression was upregulated in CD44 knockdown cells. However, the knockdown of FOXA2 in CD44 knockdown cells reversed the effects on cell migration and invasion. Furthermore, we found that CD44 mediated FOXA2 localization in breast cancer cells through the AKT pathway. Moreover, the immunofluorescence assay demonstrated that AKT inhibitor wortmannin and AKT activator SC79 treatment in breast cancer cells impacted FOXA2 localization. Collectively, this study highlights that CD44 promotes breast cancer metastasis by downregulating nuclear FOXA2.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.