ArticleLife (Basel, Switzerland)2022
The Impact of Myocardial Bridging on the Coronary Functional Test in Patients with Ischaemia with Non-Obstructive Coronary Artery Disease.
Article in Life (Basel, Switzerland), 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 12 citations in OpenAlex.
- Evaluation and Treatment of Myocardial Bridging by Clinical Phenotype.Journal of the Society for Cardiovascular Angiography & Interventions · 2026Review
- Review
- Real-world presentation of myocardial bridging in the cath-lab: a case series.European heart journal. Case reports · 2026Article
- Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation during Spasm Provocation Test with Acetylcholine: Clinical Characteristics of Patients and Effect on Coronary Microvascular Function Measurements.Reviews in cardiovascular medicine · 2025Article
- Ischemia with no obstructed coronary arteries and microvascular testing procedures: a review of utility, pharmacotherapy, and current challenges.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2025Review
- Prevalence of Coronary Microvascular Dysfunction and Epicardial Spasm in Patients With Angina and Myocardial Bridge.Journal of the Society for Cardiovascular Angiography & Interventions · 2024Article
- Prognostic Implications of Resistive Reserve Ratio in Patients With Nonobstructive Coronary Artery Disease With Myocardial Bridging.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2024Article
- Factors Contributing to Coronary Microvascular Dysfunction in Patients with Angina and Non-Obstructive Coronary Artery Disease.Journal of cardiovascular development and disease · 2024Article
- Which Coronary Artery Should Be Preferred for Starting the Coronary Spasm Provocation Test?Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Frequency and Clinical Impact of Family History of Coronary Artery Disease in Patients with Vasospastic Angina.Journal of cardiovascular development and disease · 2023Article
- Vasospastic angina in women: Clinical backgrounds and prognoses of patients younger than and older than 60 years.World journal of cardiology · 2023Article
- Does the intracoronary pressure differ according to two types (diffuse or focal) of coronary spasm?World journal of cardiology · 2023Article
- Clinical Characteristics and Prognosis of Patients with Vasospastic Angina Subjected to the Spasm Provocation Test and the Unavoidable Use of Nitroglycerin.Journal of cardiovascular development and disease · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: The possibility of myocardial bridging (MB) causing chest pain has been widely reported; however, the effect of MB on coronary microvessels has not been thoroughly investigated. Therefore, this study evaluated the effects of MB on epicardial coronary artery and coronary microvascular function during coronary angiography (CAG) and coronary function test (CFT) in patients with ischaemia with non-obstructive coronary artery disease (INOCA). Methods: This study included 62 patients with INOCA who underwent CAG and CFT for the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) to evaluate chest pain. In the CFT, acetylcholine was first administered intracoronarily in a stepwise manner, followed by chest symptoms, electrocardiographic ST-T changes and CAG. Positive coronary spasm was defined as coronary vasoconstriction of >90% on CAG accompanied by chest symptoms or electrocardiographic ST-T changes. After nitroglycerin administration, CAG was performed to assess MB, which was defined as systolic narrowing of the coronary artery diameter by >20% compared with that in diastole. Coronary flow reserve (CFR) and index of microcirculatory resistance (IMR) were subsequently obtained via transvenous adenosine triphosphate infusion using a pressure wire. Coronary microvascular vasodilatory dysfunction (CMD) was defined as a CFR of <2.0 or an IMR of ≥25 units. Results: Of the 62 patients, 15 (24%) had MB. The patients’ characteristics did not differ between the two groups. Regarding the CAG and CFT results, the presence of coronary spasm in the LAD was higher in the MB (+) group (87%) than in the MB (−) group (53%, p = 0.02), whereas the values of CFR (MB (+): 2.7 ± 1.4, MB (−): 2.8 ± 1.1) and IMR (MB (+): 26.9 ± 1.0, MB (−): 30.0 ± 17.3) and the presence of CMD (MB (+): 53%, MB (−): 60%) were similar in the two groups. Conclusions: The findings suggest that MB predisposes patients with INOCA to coronary spasms. Conversely, MBs may have a limited effect on microvessels, particularly in such patients.
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