ArticlePharmaceutics2022
Development and Evaluation of Novel Leflunomide SPION Bioemulsomes for the Intra-Articular Treatment of Arthritis.
Article in Pharmaceutics, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 26 citations in OpenAlex.
- Evaluation of the anti-inflammatory effect of ectoine-leflunomide combination in adjuvant-induced arthritis in rats, and its colonic protective action against leflunomide-induced gastrointestinal injury.Inflammopharmacology · 2026Article
- Innovative approach in Parkinson's targeting via berberine-loaded mucoadhesive surface-modified liposomes: a multi-faceted study.BMC pharmacology & toxicology · 2025Article
- Magnetic targeting of lornoxicam/SPION bilosomes loaded in a thermosensitive in situ hydrogel system for the management of osteoarthritis: Optimization, in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo studies in rat model via modulation of RANKL/OPG.Drug delivery and translational research · 2024Article
- Integrating Nanotechnological Advancements of Disease-Modifying Anti-Rheumatic Drugs into Rheumatoid Arthritis Management.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Protective effect of Moringa oleifera leaf ethanolic extract against uranyl acetate-induced testicular dysfunction in rats.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Design and evaluation of magnetic-targeted bilosomal gel for rheumatoid arthritis: flurbiprofen delivery using superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2024Article
- Magnetic Nanoparticles for Therapy and Diagnosis in Nanomedicine.Pharmaceutics · 2023Article
- Neuroprotective Effect of Artichoke-Based Nanoformulation in Sporadic Alzheimer's Disease Mouse Model: Focus on Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory, and Amyloidogenic Pathways.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Systemic treatments for rheumatoid arthritis are associated with many side effects. This study aimed to minimize the side effects associated with the systemic administration of leflunomide (LEF) by formulating LEF-loaded emulsomes (EMLs) for intra-articular administration. Additionally, EMLs were loaded with supramagnetic nanoparticles (SPIONs) to enhance joint localization, where a magnet was placed on the joint area after intra-articular administration. Full in vitro characterization, including colloidal characteristics, entrapment efficiency, and in vitro release were conducted besides the in vivo evaluation in rats with adjuvant-induced arthritis. In vivo study included joint diameter measurement, X-ray radiographic analysis, RT-PCR analysis, Western blotting, ELISA for inflammatory markers, and histopathological examination of dissected joints. The particle size and entrapment efficiency of the selected LEF SPION EMLs were 198.2 nm and 83.7%, respectively. The EMLs exhibited sustained release for 24 h. Moreover, in vivo evaluation revealed LEF SPION EMLs to be superior to the LEF suspension, likely due to the increase in LEF solubility by nanoencapsulation that improved the pharmacological effects and the use of SPION that ensured the localization of EMLs in the intra-articular cavity upon administration.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.