ArticleVaccines2022
Metformin Use before Influenza Vaccination May Lower the Risks of Influenza and Related Complications.
Article in Vaccines, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 8 citations in OpenAlex.
- Medication count, including statin or metformin use, is not associated with influenza vaccine responses in older adults.Vaccine · 2025Trial
- Metabolic Reprogramming in Respiratory Viral Infections: A Focus on SARS-CoV-2, Influenza, and Respiratory Syncytial Virus.Biomolecules · 2025Review
- Review
- Metformin use before COVID-19 vaccination and the risks of COVID-19 incidence, medical utilization, and all-cause mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.Diabetes research and clinical practice · 2023Article
- Preparing for the next viral threat with broad-spectrum antivirals.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2023Review
- Old drug, new tricks: the utility of metformin in infection and vaccination responses to influenza and SARS-CoV-2 in older adults.Frontiers in aging · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Older adults are more likely to have influenza and respond less well to the flu vaccine. We conducted this study to investigate whether pre-influenza vaccination metformin use had an effect on influenza and relevant complications in older adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Propensity score matching was used to identify 28,169 pairs of metformin users and nonusers from Taiwan's National Health Insurance Research Database from 1 January 2000 to 31 December 2018. We used Cox proportional hazards models to calculate the risks of hospitalization for influenza, pneumonia, cardiovascular disease, ventilation, and mortality between metformin users and nonusers. Compared with metformin nonusers, the aHRs (95% CI) for metformin users at risk of hospitalization for influenza, pneumonia, cardiovascular disease, invasive mechanical ventilation, death due to cardiovascular disease, and all-cause mortality were 0.60 (0.34, 1.060), 0.63 (0.53, 0.76), 0.41 (0.36, 0.47), 0.56 (0.45, 0.71), 0.49 (0.33, 0.73), and 0.44 (0.39, 0.51), respectively. Higher cumulative duration of metformin use was associated with lower risks of these outcomes than no use of metformin. This cohort study demonstrated that pre-influenza vaccination metformin use was associated with lower risks of hospitalizations for influenza, pneumonia, cardiovascular disease, mechanical ventilation, and mortality compared to metformin nonusers.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.